| Summary: | <i>Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus</i> is an oleaginous yeast with several favourable qualities: It is fast growing, accumulates high amounts of lipids and has a very broad substrate spectrum. Its resistance to hydrolysis by-products makes it a promising biocatalyst for custom tailored microbial oils. <i>C. oleaginosus</i> can accumulate up to 60 wt.% of its biomass as lipids. This species is able to grow by using several compounds as a substrate, such as acetic acid, biodiesel-derived glycerol, <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine, lignocellulosic hydrolysates, wastepaper and other agro-industrial wastes. This review is focused on state-of-the-art innovative and sustainable biorefinery schemes involving this promising yeast and second- and third-generation biomasses. Moreover, this review offers a comprehensive and updated summary of process strategies, biomass pretreatments and fermentation conditions for enhancing lipid production by <i>C. oleaginosus</i> as a whole-cell biocatalyst. Finally, an overview of the main industrial applications of single-cell oil is reported together with future perspectives.
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