Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor
An elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to the cardiovascular system-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and others. Therefore, fast, simple, and accurate methods for LDL detection are very desirable. In this work, the parameters characterizing the electrochemical immuno-an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7733 |
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| author | Daria Rudewicz-Kowalczyk Iwona Grabowska |
| author_facet | Daria Rudewicz-Kowalczyk Iwona Grabowska |
| author_sort | Daria Rudewicz-Kowalczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to the cardiovascular system-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and others. Therefore, fast, simple, and accurate methods for LDL detection are very desirable. In this work, the parameters characterizing the electrochemical immuno-and aptasensor for detection of LDL have been compared for the first time. An immunosensor has been designed, for which the anti-apolipoprotein B-100 antibody was covalently attached to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on the surface of the gold electrode. In the case of an aptasensor, the gold electrode was modified in a mixture of ssDNA aptamer specific for LDL modified with –SH group and 6-mercaptohexanol. Square-wave voltammetry has been used for detection of LDL in PBS containing redox active marker, [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup>. Our results show the linear dependence of [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup> redox signal changes on LDL concentration for both biosensors, in the range from 0.01 ng/mL to 1.0 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.31 and 0.25 ng/mL, for immuno- and aptasensor, respectively. Whereas slightly better selectivity toward human serum albumin (HSA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and malondialdehyde modified low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) has been observed for aptasensor. Moreover, the other components of human blood serum samples did not influence aptasensor sensitivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:04:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79901b11146744449a1b10d8e7eda2f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:04:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-79901b11146744449a1b10d8e7eda2f62023-11-23T01:28:53ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-11-012122773310.3390/s21227733Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and AptasensorDaria Rudewicz-Kowalczyk0Iwona Grabowska1Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandInstitute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandAn elevated level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) can lead to the cardiovascular system-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and others. Therefore, fast, simple, and accurate methods for LDL detection are very desirable. In this work, the parameters characterizing the electrochemical immuno-and aptasensor for detection of LDL have been compared for the first time. An immunosensor has been designed, for which the anti-apolipoprotein B-100 antibody was covalently attached to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on the surface of the gold electrode. In the case of an aptasensor, the gold electrode was modified in a mixture of ssDNA aptamer specific for LDL modified with –SH group and 6-mercaptohexanol. Square-wave voltammetry has been used for detection of LDL in PBS containing redox active marker, [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup>. Our results show the linear dependence of [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup> redox signal changes on LDL concentration for both biosensors, in the range from 0.01 ng/mL to 1.0 ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.31 and 0.25 ng/mL, for immuno- and aptasensor, respectively. Whereas slightly better selectivity toward human serum albumin (HSA), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and malondialdehyde modified low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) has been observed for aptasensor. Moreover, the other components of human blood serum samples did not influence aptasensor sensitivity.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7733low-density lipoprotein (LDL)aptasensorimmunosensorelectrochemical detection |
| spellingShingle | Daria Rudewicz-Kowalczyk Iwona Grabowska Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor Sensors low-density lipoprotein (LDL) aptasensor immunosensor electrochemical detection |
| title | Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor |
| title_full | Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor |
| title_short | Detection of Low Density Lipoprotein—Comparison of Electrochemical Immuno- and Aptasensor |
| title_sort | detection of low density lipoprotein comparison of electrochemical immuno and aptasensor |
| topic | low-density lipoprotein (LDL) aptasensor immunosensor electrochemical detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7733 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dariarudewiczkowalczyk detectionoflowdensitylipoproteincomparisonofelectrochemicalimmunoandaptasensor AT iwonagrabowska detectionoflowdensitylipoproteincomparisonofelectrochemicalimmunoandaptasensor |