Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymers
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, of polymer-based materials is growing as a time-efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable technique for prototype development in load-bearing applications. This work investigates the defects arising from the pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423000868 |
| _version_ | 1797858821808324608 |
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| author | Nayan Dhakal Xiaolong Wang Cayetano Espejo Ardian Morina Nazanin Emami |
| author_facet | Nayan Dhakal Xiaolong Wang Cayetano Espejo Ardian Morina Nazanin Emami |
| author_sort | Nayan Dhakal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, of polymer-based materials is growing as a time-efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable technique for prototype development in load-bearing applications. This work investigates the defects arising from the processing in material extrusion-based AM of polymers and their impact on the part performance. The influence of raster angle orientation and printing speed on tribological characteristics, microstructure, and surface finish of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fabricated in a heated build chamber was studied. Comprehensive analysis with fractography and tomography revealed the formation, distribution, and locations of internal voids, while surface defects were studied with the topography analysis of as-printed surfaces. Surface roughness and tribological results show that printing speed can be optimally increased with a minimal impact on interlayer bonding and part performance. Increased printing speed allowed up to 58% effective reduction in printing time obtaining comparable mechanical properties at varying process parameters. 3D printed ABS exhibited dry sliding friction coefficients in the range of 0.18–0.23, whilst the maximum specific wear rate was 6.2 × 10−5 mm3/Nm. Higher surface roughness and increased printing speed exhibited delayed running-in during dry sliding, while insignificant influence was observed for steady-state friction and wear behaviors. The findings indicate that improved surface finish and reduced internal defects can be achieved with a controlled build environment allowing for higher printing speed. The observations in this study are evidence that 3D printing can be adapted for the sustainable manufacturing of polymeric components for tribological applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:19:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79988aefeedb44ae9b83801720a0dd8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T21:19:33Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-79988aefeedb44ae9b83801720a0dd8b2023-03-28T06:46:05ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-03-012312521272Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymersNayan Dhakal0Xiaolong Wang1Cayetano Espejo2Ardian Morina3Nazanin Emami4Polymer-tribology Group, Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187, Luleå, Sweden; Institute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Lanzhou, 730000, ChinaInstitute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United KingdomInstitute of Functional Surfaces, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United KingdomPolymer-tribology Group, Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187, Luleå, Sweden; Corresponding author.Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, of polymer-based materials is growing as a time-efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable technique for prototype development in load-bearing applications. This work investigates the defects arising from the processing in material extrusion-based AM of polymers and their impact on the part performance. The influence of raster angle orientation and printing speed on tribological characteristics, microstructure, and surface finish of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fabricated in a heated build chamber was studied. Comprehensive analysis with fractography and tomography revealed the formation, distribution, and locations of internal voids, while surface defects were studied with the topography analysis of as-printed surfaces. Surface roughness and tribological results show that printing speed can be optimally increased with a minimal impact on interlayer bonding and part performance. Increased printing speed allowed up to 58% effective reduction in printing time obtaining comparable mechanical properties at varying process parameters. 3D printed ABS exhibited dry sliding friction coefficients in the range of 0.18–0.23, whilst the maximum specific wear rate was 6.2 × 10−5 mm3/Nm. Higher surface roughness and increased printing speed exhibited delayed running-in during dry sliding, while insignificant influence was observed for steady-state friction and wear behaviors. The findings indicate that improved surface finish and reduced internal defects can be achieved with a controlled build environment allowing for higher printing speed. The observations in this study are evidence that 3D printing can be adapted for the sustainable manufacturing of polymeric components for tribological applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S22387854230008683D printingTribologyFrictionPolymersPorositySurface roughness |
| spellingShingle | Nayan Dhakal Xiaolong Wang Cayetano Espejo Ardian Morina Nazanin Emami Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymers Journal of Materials Research and Technology 3D printing Tribology Friction Polymers Porosity Surface roughness |
| title | Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymers |
| title_full | Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymers |
| title_fullStr | Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymers |
| title_short | Impact of processing defects on microstructure, surface quality, and tribological performance in 3D printed polymers |
| title_sort | impact of processing defects on microstructure surface quality and tribological performance in 3d printed polymers |
| topic | 3D printing Tribology Friction Polymers Porosity Surface roughness |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423000868 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nayandhakal impactofprocessingdefectsonmicrostructuresurfacequalityandtribologicalperformancein3dprintedpolymers AT xiaolongwang impactofprocessingdefectsonmicrostructuresurfacequalityandtribologicalperformancein3dprintedpolymers AT cayetanoespejo impactofprocessingdefectsonmicrostructuresurfacequalityandtribologicalperformancein3dprintedpolymers AT ardianmorina impactofprocessingdefectsonmicrostructuresurfacequalityandtribologicalperformancein3dprintedpolymers AT nazaninemami impactofprocessingdefectsonmicrostructuresurfacequalityandtribologicalperformancein3dprintedpolymers |