Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects
Recently, exogenous α-Lipoic acid (ALA) has been suggested to improve the tolerance of plants to a wide array of abiotic stresses. However, there is currently no definitive data on the role of ALA in wheat plants exposed to sodic alkaline stress. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the ef...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| author | Khaled M. A. Ramadan Maha Mohammed Alharbi Asma Massad Alenzi Hossam S. El-Beltagi Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish Mohammed I. Aldaej Tarek A. Shalaby Abdallah Tageldein Mansour Yasser Abd El-Gawad El-Gabry Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim |
| author_facet | Khaled M. A. Ramadan Maha Mohammed Alharbi Asma Massad Alenzi Hossam S. El-Beltagi Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish Mohammed I. Aldaej Tarek A. Shalaby Abdallah Tageldein Mansour Yasser Abd El-Gawad El-Gabry Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim |
| author_sort | Khaled M. A. Ramadan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, exogenous α-Lipoic acid (ALA) has been suggested to improve the tolerance of plants to a wide array of abiotic stresses. However, there is currently no definitive data on the role of ALA in wheat plants exposed to sodic alkaline stress. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application by ALA at 0 (distilled water as control) and 20 µM on wheat seedlings grown under sodic alkaline stress (50 mM 1:1 NaHCO<sub>3</sub> & Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>; pH 9.7. Under sodic alkaline stress, exogenous ALA significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) improved growth (shoot fresh and dry weight), chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and Chl a + b, while Chl a/b ratio was not affected. Moreover, leaf relative water content (RWC), total soluble sugars, carotenoids, total soluble phenols, ascorbic acid, K and Ca were significantly increased in the ALA-treated plants compared to the ALA-untreated plants. This improvement was concomitant with reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) demonstrated greater activity in the ALA-treated plants compared to the non-treated ones. Conversely, proline, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), Na and Na/K ratio were significantly decreased in the ALA-treated plants. Under sodic alkaline stress, the relative expression of photosystem II (D2 protein; PsbD) was significantly up-regulated in the ALA treatment (67% increase over the ALA-untreated plants); while Δ pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), plasma membrane Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter protein of salt overly sensitive gene (SOS1) and tonoplast-localized Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter protein (NHX1) were down-regulated by 21, 37 and 53%, respectively, lower than the ALA-untreated plants. These results reveal that ALA may be involved in several possible mechanisms of alkalinity tolerance in wheat plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:54:56Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-799929826ae04ffab6ec98bc49bda2c12023-11-30T22:01:04ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-03-0111678710.3390/plants11060787Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular AspectsKhaled M. A. Ramadan0Maha Mohammed Alharbi1Asma Massad Alenzi2Hossam S. El-Beltagi3Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish4Mohammed I. Aldaej5Tarek A. Shalaby6Abdallah Tageldein Mansour7Yasser Abd El-Gawad El-Gabry8Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim9Central Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaAgricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaAgricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaAnimal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptDepartment of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptRecently, exogenous α-Lipoic acid (ALA) has been suggested to improve the tolerance of plants to a wide array of abiotic stresses. However, there is currently no definitive data on the role of ALA in wheat plants exposed to sodic alkaline stress. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of foliar application by ALA at 0 (distilled water as control) and 20 µM on wheat seedlings grown under sodic alkaline stress (50 mM 1:1 NaHCO<sub>3</sub> & Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>; pH 9.7. Under sodic alkaline stress, exogenous ALA significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) improved growth (shoot fresh and dry weight), chlorophyll (Chl) a, b and Chl a + b, while Chl a/b ratio was not affected. Moreover, leaf relative water content (RWC), total soluble sugars, carotenoids, total soluble phenols, ascorbic acid, K and Ca were significantly increased in the ALA-treated plants compared to the ALA-untreated plants. This improvement was concomitant with reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) demonstrated greater activity in the ALA-treated plants compared to the non-treated ones. Conversely, proline, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), Na and Na/K ratio were significantly decreased in the ALA-treated plants. Under sodic alkaline stress, the relative expression of photosystem II (D2 protein; PsbD) was significantly up-regulated in the ALA treatment (67% increase over the ALA-untreated plants); while Δ pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), plasma membrane Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter protein of salt overly sensitive gene (SOS1) and tonoplast-localized Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter protein (NHX1) were down-regulated by 21, 37 and 53%, respectively, lower than the ALA-untreated plants. These results reveal that ALA may be involved in several possible mechanisms of alkalinity tolerance in wheat plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/6/787<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.high-pHoxidative damagesionic homeostasisosmolytes and qRT-PCR |
| spellingShingle | Khaled M. A. Ramadan Maha Mohammed Alharbi Asma Massad Alenzi Hossam S. El-Beltagi Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish Mohammed I. Aldaej Tarek A. Shalaby Abdallah Tageldein Mansour Yasser Abd El-Gawad El-Gabry Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects Plants <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. high-pH oxidative damages ionic homeostasis osmolytes and qRT-PCR |
| title | Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects |
| title_full | Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects |
| title_fullStr | Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects |
| title_short | Alpha Lipoic Acid as a Protective Mediator for Regulating the Defensive Responses of Wheat Plants against Sodic Alkaline Stress: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects |
| title_sort | alpha lipoic acid as a protective mediator for regulating the defensive responses of wheat plants against sodic alkaline stress physiological biochemical and molecular aspects |
| topic | <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. high-pH oxidative damages ionic homeostasis osmolytes and qRT-PCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/6/787 |
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