Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells
Since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been described as the innate counterpart of the T cells. Indeed, ILCs and T cells share many features including their common progenitors, transcriptional regulation, and effector cytokine secretion. Several studies have shown complementary and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033904/full |
| _version_ | 1811338473683025920 |
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| author | Le Xiong Le Xiong Stephen L. Nutt Stephen L. Nutt Cyril Seillet Cyril Seillet |
| author_facet | Le Xiong Le Xiong Stephen L. Nutt Stephen L. Nutt Cyril Seillet Cyril Seillet |
| author_sort | Le Xiong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been described as the innate counterpart of the T cells. Indeed, ILCs and T cells share many features including their common progenitors, transcriptional regulation, and effector cytokine secretion. Several studies have shown complementary and redundant roles for ILCs and T cells, leaving open questions regarding why these cells would have been evolutionarily conserved. It has become apparent in the last decade that ILCs, and rare immune cells more generally, that reside in non-lymphoid tissue have non-canonical functions for immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and function. Viewed through this lens, ILCs would not be just the innate counterpart of T cells, but instead act as a link between sensory cells that monitor any changes in the environment that are not necessarily pathogenic and instruct effector cells that act to maintain body homeostasis. As these non-canonical functions of immune cells are operating in absence of pathogenic signals, it opens great avenues of research for immunologists that they now need to identify the physiological cues that regulate these cells and how the process confers a finer level of control and a greater flexibility that enables the organism to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In the review, we highlight how ILCs participate in the physiologic function of the tissue in which they reside and how physiological cues, in particular neural inputs control their homeostatic activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:11:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-799f186351f641218276ce8d3d41f8d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:11:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-799f186351f641218276ce8d3d41f8d22022-12-22T02:35:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-10-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10339041033904Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cellsLe Xiong0Le Xiong1Stephen L. Nutt2Stephen L. Nutt3Cyril Seillet4Cyril Seillet5Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaImmunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaImmunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSince their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been described as the innate counterpart of the T cells. Indeed, ILCs and T cells share many features including their common progenitors, transcriptional regulation, and effector cytokine secretion. Several studies have shown complementary and redundant roles for ILCs and T cells, leaving open questions regarding why these cells would have been evolutionarily conserved. It has become apparent in the last decade that ILCs, and rare immune cells more generally, that reside in non-lymphoid tissue have non-canonical functions for immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis and function. Viewed through this lens, ILCs would not be just the innate counterpart of T cells, but instead act as a link between sensory cells that monitor any changes in the environment that are not necessarily pathogenic and instruct effector cells that act to maintain body homeostasis. As these non-canonical functions of immune cells are operating in absence of pathogenic signals, it opens great avenues of research for immunologists that they now need to identify the physiological cues that regulate these cells and how the process confers a finer level of control and a greater flexibility that enables the organism to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In the review, we highlight how ILCs participate in the physiologic function of the tissue in which they reside and how physiological cues, in particular neural inputs control their homeostatic activity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033904/fullneuroimmune interactionIL-22ILC3ILC2ILC1physiological sensors |
| spellingShingle | Le Xiong Le Xiong Stephen L. Nutt Stephen L. Nutt Cyril Seillet Cyril Seillet Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells Frontiers in Immunology neuroimmune interaction IL-22 ILC3 ILC2 ILC1 physiological sensors |
| title | Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells |
| title_full | Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells |
| title_fullStr | Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells |
| title_short | Innate lymphoid cells: More than just immune cells |
| title_sort | innate lymphoid cells more than just immune cells |
| topic | neuroimmune interaction IL-22 ILC3 ILC2 ILC1 physiological sensors |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033904/full |
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