Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal Change
Olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) leaves are an abundant byproduct in the olive oil industry characterized by high quantities of phenols. The content of these molecules in olive leaves may vary according to several factors, including cultivar, olive tree alternate bearing cycle, and season...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2007 |
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| author | Rosa Palmeri Laura Siracusa Marco Carrubba Lucia Parafati Ilaria Proetto Fabiola Pesce Biagio Fallico |
| author_facet | Rosa Palmeri Laura Siracusa Marco Carrubba Lucia Parafati Ilaria Proetto Fabiola Pesce Biagio Fallico |
| author_sort | Rosa Palmeri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) leaves are an abundant byproduct in the olive oil industry characterized by high quantities of phenols. The content of these molecules in olive leaves may vary according to several factors, including cultivar, olive tree alternate bearing cycle, and seasonal variations. In the present study, leaves belonging to five Italian cultivars (‘Biancolilla’, ‘Nocellara Etnea’, ‘Nocellara Messinese’, ‘Nocellara Siracusana’, ‘Zaituna’), cultivated in the same area, were collected from January to August and individually subjected to an appropriate extraction assay. Each extract was analyzed by means of HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS to determine its phytochemical profile and assess inter cultivar and seasonal variations. Moreover, total phenolics, ORAC, and DPPH assays were performed, in order to evaluate the Total Polyphenol Content and antioxidant potential. Seventeen different metabolites belonging to the subclasses of simple phenols, secoiridoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids were identified, quantified, and used as markers to monitor profile variations. The data obtained have shown that secoiridoids, particularly oleuropein, can be regarded as key molecules to discriminate among different cultivars and to assess variability in olive leaves during the flower and fruit development stage. All of the samples evidenced a remarkable antioxidant activity in terms of Radical Scavenging Activity, and as expected, some differences were observed among cultivars and depending on the harvest period through ORAC assay. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:00:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79a0409807284596bc918e634e1d2fe1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:00:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-79a0409807284596bc918e634e1d2fe12023-11-23T14:35:48ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-08-01129200710.3390/agronomy12092007Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal ChangeRosa Palmeri0Laura Siracusa1Marco Carrubba2Lucia Parafati3Ilaria Proetto4Fabiola Pesce5Biagio Fallico6Di3A—Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, ItalyIstituto di Chimica Biomolecolare del CNR (ICB-CNR), Via Paolo Gaifami,18, 95126 Catania, ItalyDi3A—Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, ItalyDi3A—Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, ItalyDi3A—Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, ItalyDi3A—Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, ItalyDi3A—Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 100, 95123 Catania, ItalyOlive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) leaves are an abundant byproduct in the olive oil industry characterized by high quantities of phenols. The content of these molecules in olive leaves may vary according to several factors, including cultivar, olive tree alternate bearing cycle, and seasonal variations. In the present study, leaves belonging to five Italian cultivars (‘Biancolilla’, ‘Nocellara Etnea’, ‘Nocellara Messinese’, ‘Nocellara Siracusana’, ‘Zaituna’), cultivated in the same area, were collected from January to August and individually subjected to an appropriate extraction assay. Each extract was analyzed by means of HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS to determine its phytochemical profile and assess inter cultivar and seasonal variations. Moreover, total phenolics, ORAC, and DPPH assays were performed, in order to evaluate the Total Polyphenol Content and antioxidant potential. Seventeen different metabolites belonging to the subclasses of simple phenols, secoiridoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids were identified, quantified, and used as markers to monitor profile variations. The data obtained have shown that secoiridoids, particularly oleuropein, can be regarded as key molecules to discriminate among different cultivars and to assess variability in olive leaves during the flower and fruit development stage. All of the samples evidenced a remarkable antioxidant activity in terms of Radical Scavenging Activity, and as expected, some differences were observed among cultivars and depending on the harvest period through ORAC assay.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2007<i>Olea europaea</i> L.leaves extractsecoiridoidsflavonoidshydroxycinnamic acidsseasonal variation |
| spellingShingle | Rosa Palmeri Laura Siracusa Marco Carrubba Lucia Parafati Ilaria Proetto Fabiola Pesce Biagio Fallico Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal Change Agronomy <i>Olea europaea</i> L. leaves extract secoiridoids flavonoids hydroxycinnamic acids seasonal variation |
| title | Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal Change |
| title_full | Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal Change |
| title_fullStr | Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal Change |
| title_full_unstemmed | Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal Change |
| title_short | Olive Leaves, a Promising Byproduct of Olive Oil Industry: Assessment of Metabolic Profiles and Antioxidant Capacity as a Function of Cultivar and Seasonal Change |
| title_sort | olive leaves a promising byproduct of olive oil industry assessment of metabolic profiles and antioxidant capacity as a function of cultivar and seasonal change |
| topic | <i>Olea europaea</i> L. leaves extract secoiridoids flavonoids hydroxycinnamic acids seasonal variation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2007 |
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