Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients
Based on the ERA-5 meteorological data from 2015 to 2019, we establish the global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients set called the SH_set and develop the global tropospheric delay SH coefficients empirical model called EGtrop using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4385 |
| _version_ | 1797511861272313856 |
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| author | Yongchao Ma Hang Liu Guochang Xu Zhiping Lu |
| author_facet | Yongchao Ma Hang Liu Guochang Xu Zhiping Lu |
| author_sort | Yongchao Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Based on the ERA-5 meteorological data from 2015 to 2019, we establish the global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients set called the SH_set and develop the global tropospheric delay SH coefficients empirical model called EGtrop using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method and periodic functions. We apply tropospheric delay derived from IGS stations not involved in modeling as reference data for validating the dataset, and statistical results indicate that the global mean Bias of the SH_set is 0.08 cm, while the average global root mean square error (RMSE) is 2.61 cm, which meets the requirements of the tropospheric delay model applied in the wide-area augmentation system (WAAS), indicating the feasibility of the product strategy. The tropospheric delay calculated with global sounding station and tropospheric delay products of IGS stations in 2020 are employed to validate the new product model. It is verified that the EGtrop model has high accuracy with Bias and RMSE of −0.25 cm and 3.79 cm, respectively, with respect to the sounding station, and with Bias and RMSE of 0.42 cm and 3.65 cm, respectively, with respect to IGS products. The EGtrop model is applicable not only at the global scale but also at the regional scale and exhibits the advantage of local enhancement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:53:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79a81aa0a13c4692a87c009d7e96cdaf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:53:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-79a81aa0a13c4692a87c009d7e96cdaf2023-11-22T21:32:38ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-10-011321438510.3390/rs13214385Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic CoefficientsYongchao Ma0Hang Liu1Guochang Xu2Zhiping Lu3Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaCollege of Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaInstitute of Space Science and Applied Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaInstitute of Space Science and Applied Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaBased on the ERA-5 meteorological data from 2015 to 2019, we establish the global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients set called the SH_set and develop the global tropospheric delay SH coefficients empirical model called EGtrop using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method and periodic functions. We apply tropospheric delay derived from IGS stations not involved in modeling as reference data for validating the dataset, and statistical results indicate that the global mean Bias of the SH_set is 0.08 cm, while the average global root mean square error (RMSE) is 2.61 cm, which meets the requirements of the tropospheric delay model applied in the wide-area augmentation system (WAAS), indicating the feasibility of the product strategy. The tropospheric delay calculated with global sounding station and tropospheric delay products of IGS stations in 2020 are employed to validate the new product model. It is verified that the EGtrop model has high accuracy with Bias and RMSE of −0.25 cm and 3.79 cm, respectively, with respect to the sounding station, and with Bias and RMSE of 0.42 cm and 3.65 cm, respectively, with respect to IGS products. The EGtrop model is applicable not only at the global scale but also at the regional scale and exhibits the advantage of local enhancement.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4385tropospheric delayspherical harmonic functionempirical orthogonal functionERA-5 dataGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) |
| spellingShingle | Yongchao Ma Hang Liu Guochang Xu Zhiping Lu Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients Remote Sensing tropospheric delay spherical harmonic function empirical orthogonal function ERA-5 data Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) |
| title | Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients |
| title_full | Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients |
| title_fullStr | Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients |
| title_short | Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis and Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay Spherical Harmonic Coefficients |
| title_sort | empirical orthogonal function analysis and modeling of global tropospheric delay spherical harmonic coefficients |
| topic | tropospheric delay spherical harmonic function empirical orthogonal function ERA-5 data Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4385 |
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