A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn.
The objectives of this study were to optimize and quantify the maximum percentage yield of eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranosidefrom <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), as well as to demonstrate the hepatoprotective benefits of the b...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6444 |
| _version_ | 1797477928409235456 |
|---|---|
| author | Kamal Y. Thajudeen Yahya I. Asiri Shahana Salam Shabeer Ali Thorakkattil Mohamed Rahamathulla Ilyas Uoorakkottil |
| author_facet | Kamal Y. Thajudeen Yahya I. Asiri Shahana Salam Shabeer Ali Thorakkattil Mohamed Rahamathulla Ilyas Uoorakkottil |
| author_sort | Kamal Y. Thajudeen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objectives of this study were to optimize and quantify the maximum percentage yield of eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranosidefrom <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), as well as to demonstrate the hepatoprotective benefits of the bioactive compound. The Box–Behnken experimental design was utilized to optimize the eupalitin-3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-galactopyranoside extraction procedure, which also looked at the extraction duration, temperature, and solvent concentration as independent variables. <i>Boerhaviadiffusa</i> leaves were extracted, and <i>n</i>-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water were used to fractionate the dried extracts. The dried ethyl acetate fraction was thoroughly mixed in hot methanol and stored overnight in the refrigerator. The cold methanol was filtered, the solid was separated, and hot methanol was used many times to re-crystallize the solid to obtain pure eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside (0.1578% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>). The proposed HPTLC method for the validation and quantification of eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranosidewassuccessfully validated and developed. The linearity (<i>R<sub>2</sub></i> = 0.994), detection limit (30 ng), and quantification limit (100 ng) of the method, as well as its range (100–5000 ng), inter and intraday precision (0.67% and 0.991% RSD), specificity, and accuracy (99.78% RSD), were all validated as satisfactory. The separation of the eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside band was achieved on an HPTLC plate using toluene:acetone:water (5:15:1 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) as a developing system. The Box–Behnken statistical design was used to determine the best optimization method, which was found to be extraction time (90 min), temperature (45 °C), and solvent ratio (80% methanol in water <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) for eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside. Standard silymarin ranged from 80.2% at 100 µg/mL to 86.94% at 500 µg/mL in terms of significant high hepatoprotection (cell induced with carbon tetrachloride 0.1%), whereas isolated eupalitin-<i>3-O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside ranged from 62.62% at 500 µg/mL to 70.23% at 1000 µg/mL. More recently, it is a source of structurally unique flavonoid compounds that may offer opportunities for developing novel semi-synthetic molecules. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79ab2e7c03284a9a949be4e777bc6c12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-79ab2e7c03284a9a949be4e777bc6c122023-11-23T21:11:31ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012719644410.3390/molecules27196444A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn.Kamal Y. Thajudeen0Yahya I. Asiri1Shahana Salam2Shabeer Ali Thorakkattil3Mohamed Rahamathulla4Ilyas Uoorakkottil5Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaPharmacy Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Greiger, Abha 61421, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Malappuram 679321, Kerala, IndiaThe objectives of this study were to optimize and quantify the maximum percentage yield of eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranosidefrom <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> leaves using response surface methodology (RSM), as well as to demonstrate the hepatoprotective benefits of the bioactive compound. The Box–Behnken experimental design was utilized to optimize the eupalitin-3-<i>O</i>-<i>β</i>-<i>D</i>-galactopyranoside extraction procedure, which also looked at the extraction duration, temperature, and solvent concentration as independent variables. <i>Boerhaviadiffusa</i> leaves were extracted, and <i>n</i>-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water were used to fractionate the dried extracts. The dried ethyl acetate fraction was thoroughly mixed in hot methanol and stored overnight in the refrigerator. The cold methanol was filtered, the solid was separated, and hot methanol was used many times to re-crystallize the solid to obtain pure eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside (0.1578% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>). The proposed HPTLC method for the validation and quantification of eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranosidewassuccessfully validated and developed. The linearity (<i>R<sub>2</sub></i> = 0.994), detection limit (30 ng), and quantification limit (100 ng) of the method, as well as its range (100–5000 ng), inter and intraday precision (0.67% and 0.991% RSD), specificity, and accuracy (99.78% RSD), were all validated as satisfactory. The separation of the eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside band was achieved on an HPTLC plate using toluene:acetone:water (5:15:1 <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) as a developing system. The Box–Behnken statistical design was used to determine the best optimization method, which was found to be extraction time (90 min), temperature (45 °C), and solvent ratio (80% methanol in water <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) for eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside. Standard silymarin ranged from 80.2% at 100 µg/mL to 86.94% at 500 µg/mL in terms of significant high hepatoprotection (cell induced with carbon tetrachloride 0.1%), whereas isolated eupalitin-<i>3-O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside ranged from 62.62% at 500 µg/mL to 70.23% at 1000 µg/mL. More recently, it is a source of structurally unique flavonoid compounds that may offer opportunities for developing novel semi-synthetic molecules.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6444<i>Boerhaviadiffusa</i> Linn.eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranosideoptimizationHPTLChepatoprotective activity |
| spellingShingle | Kamal Y. Thajudeen Yahya I. Asiri Shahana Salam Shabeer Ali Thorakkattil Mohamed Rahamathulla Ilyas Uoorakkottil A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn. Molecules <i>Boerhaviadiffusa</i> Linn. eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside optimization HPTLC hepatoprotective activity |
| title | A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn. |
| title_full | A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn. |
| title_fullStr | A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn. |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn. |
| title_short | A Box–Behnken Extraction Design and Hepatoprotective Effect of Isolated Eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-Galactopyranoside from <i>Boerhavia diffusa</i> Linn. |
| title_sort | box behnken extraction design and hepatoprotective effect of isolated eupalitin 3 i o β d i galactopyranoside from i boerhavia diffusa i linn |
| topic | <i>Boerhaviadiffusa</i> Linn. eupalitin-3-<i>O-β-D</i>-galactopyranoside optimization HPTLC hepatoprotective activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6444 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kamalythajudeen aboxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT yahyaiasiri aboxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT shahanasalam aboxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT shabeeralithorakkattil aboxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT mohamedrahamathulla aboxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT ilyasuoorakkottil aboxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT kamalythajudeen boxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT yahyaiasiri boxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT shahanasalam boxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT shabeeralithorakkattil boxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT mohamedrahamathulla boxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn AT ilyasuoorakkottil boxbehnkenextractiondesignandhepatoprotectiveeffectofisolatedeupalitin3iobdigalactopyranosidefromiboerhaviadiffusailinn |