Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment
Abstract It is well known in the field of materials science that a substance’s longevity is significantly influenced by its environment. Everything begins with the initial contact on a material’s surface. This influence will then deteriorate and have an extended negative impact on the strength of th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51736-x |
| _version_ | 1797355790838792192 |
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| author | Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari Saiful Amri Mazlan Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Nursyafiqah Zaini Nur Azmah Nordin Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Ramesh V. Upadhyay Shahir Mohd Yusuf |
| author_facet | Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari Saiful Amri Mazlan Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Nursyafiqah Zaini Nur Azmah Nordin Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Ramesh V. Upadhyay Shahir Mohd Yusuf |
| author_sort | Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract It is well known in the field of materials science that a substance’s longevity is significantly influenced by its environment. Everything begins with the initial contact on a material’s surface. This influence will then deteriorate and have an extended negative impact on the strength of the material. In this study, the effect of natural weathering in tropical climates on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) was investigated through microstructural evaluation to understand the aging behavior of the environmentally exposed MRE. To understand and elucidate the process, MREs made of silicone rubber and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles were prepared and exposed to the natural weathering of a tropical climate for 90 days. The MRE samples were then mechanically tensile tested, which revealed that Young’s modulus increased, while elongation at break decreased. Surface degradation due to weathering was suspected to be the primary cause of this condition. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the degradation of MRE was investigated as a function of morphological evidence. Upon examination through SEM, it was noted that the weathering effects on the morphology of the exposed samples showed distinct characteristics on the degraded surfaces of the MRE, including numerous microvoids, cavities, and microcracks. While these features were not prominent for the MRE itself, they bear resemblance to the effects observed in similar materials like rubber and elastomer. An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to investigate the surface topography and local degradation conditions. This observation revealed a distinctive degradation characteristic of the MRE in connection to natural weathering in tropical climates. The surface damage of the MRE samples became severe and inhomogeneous during the environmental aging process, and degradation began from the exposed MRE surface, causing the mechanical characteristics of the MRE to significantly change. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:16:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79ac42a2ccb14c878d4e863fd763350a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:16:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-79ac42a2ccb14c878d4e863fd763350a2024-01-14T12:23:50ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-0114111410.1038/s41598-024-51736-xMorphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environmentMohd Aidy Faizal Johari0Saiful Amri Mazlan1Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz2Nursyafiqah Zaini3Nur Azmah Nordin4Ubaidillah Ubaidillah5Ramesh V. Upadhyay6Shahir Mohd Yusuf7Engineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaFaculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan PahangEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas MaretDr K C Patel Research and Development Centre, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT CampusEngineering Materials & Structures (eMast) Ikohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaAbstract It is well known in the field of materials science that a substance’s longevity is significantly influenced by its environment. Everything begins with the initial contact on a material’s surface. This influence will then deteriorate and have an extended negative impact on the strength of the material. In this study, the effect of natural weathering in tropical climates on magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) was investigated through microstructural evaluation to understand the aging behavior of the environmentally exposed MRE. To understand and elucidate the process, MREs made of silicone rubber and 70 wt% micron-sized carbonyl iron particles were prepared and exposed to the natural weathering of a tropical climate for 90 days. The MRE samples were then mechanically tensile tested, which revealed that Young’s modulus increased, while elongation at break decreased. Surface degradation due to weathering was suspected to be the primary cause of this condition. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the degradation of MRE was investigated as a function of morphological evidence. Upon examination through SEM, it was noted that the weathering effects on the morphology of the exposed samples showed distinct characteristics on the degraded surfaces of the MRE, including numerous microvoids, cavities, and microcracks. While these features were not prominent for the MRE itself, they bear resemblance to the effects observed in similar materials like rubber and elastomer. An atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to investigate the surface topography and local degradation conditions. This observation revealed a distinctive degradation characteristic of the MRE in connection to natural weathering in tropical climates. The surface damage of the MRE samples became severe and inhomogeneous during the environmental aging process, and degradation began from the exposed MRE surface, causing the mechanical characteristics of the MRE to significantly change.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51736-x |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari Saiful Amri Mazlan Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Nursyafiqah Zaini Nur Azmah Nordin Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Ramesh V. Upadhyay Shahir Mohd Yusuf Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment Scientific Reports |
| title | Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment |
| title_full | Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment |
| title_fullStr | Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment |
| title_short | Morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment |
| title_sort | morphological features of magnetorheological elastomer degradation under a natural weathering environment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51736-x |
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