“More Brazilian Than Cachaça”: Brazilian Sugar-Based Ethanol Development in the Twentieth Century

Today, Brazil has one of the most diverse energy systems in the world. The sugar-based ethanol industry plays a pivotal role in that achievement, yet scholars of energy development have focused little on ethanol. This article examines the history of the sugar-based ethanol industry from its beginnin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Jennifer Eaglin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2019-12-01
Series:Latin American Research Review
Online Access:https://larrlasa.org/articles/28
Description
Summary:Today, Brazil has one of the most diverse energy systems in the world. The sugar-based ethanol industry plays a pivotal role in that achievement, yet scholars of energy development have focused little on ethanol. This article examines the history of the sugar-based ethanol industry from its beginning in the 1930s to the creation of the state-led program Proálcool (the National Ethanol Program) in 1975 and the ethanol-fueled car in 1979. This article demonstrates how federal and private actors connected nationalist goals of a modern, industrial Brazilian identity to ethanol in order to sustain the industry against the vagaries of the sugar market. Drawing from production data, the monthly sugar industry journal 'Brasil Açucareiro', newspapers, government funding applications for privately owned ethanol distilleries, and oral interviews, it highlights how the idea of a nationally developed technology and domestic industry etched a long-term place for the ethanol industry in the nation’s energy strategy.   Resumen Hoje, o Brasil tem um dos sistemas de energia mais diversos no mundo. A indústria sucroalcooleira tem um papel central nessa conquista, mas acadêmicos em desenvolvimento de energia têm se concentrado pouco no álcool. Esse artigo se concentra na historia da indústria desde seu inicio na década de 30 até a criação do programa estadual, Proálcool (o programa nacional do álcool), em 1975 e o carro a álcool em 1979. Esse artigo mostra como os participantes federais e privados conectaram as metas nacionalistas de uma identidade brasileira moderna e industrial com o álcool para manter a indústria contra as dificuldades do mercado açucareiro. Usando dados de produção, o diário mensal 'Brasil Açucareiro', jornais, aplicações para fundos governamentais para destilarias privadas do álcool, e entrevistas orais, esse artigo destaca como a ideia da tecnologia desenvolvida nacionalmente e a indústria domestica estabelecerem um lugar no longo prazo para a indústria do álcool na estratégia energética nacional.
ISSN:1542-4278