Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves
In order to extend the applications of vortex waves, we propose a water-immersed rectangular horn antenna array for generating underwater vortex waves carrying the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Firstly, a single dielectric-loaded rectangular horn antenna with the central frequency of 2.6 GHz was d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/11/1224 |
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| author | Yang Yang Zhanliang Wang Shaomeng Wang Qing Zhou Fei Shen Haibo Jiang Zhe Wu Baoqing Zeng Zhongyi Guo Yubin Gong |
| author_facet | Yang Yang Zhanliang Wang Shaomeng Wang Qing Zhou Fei Shen Haibo Jiang Zhe Wu Baoqing Zeng Zhongyi Guo Yubin Gong |
| author_sort | Yang Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to extend the applications of vortex waves, we propose a water-immersed rectangular horn antenna array for generating underwater vortex waves carrying the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Firstly, a single dielectric-loaded rectangular horn antenna with the central frequency of 2.6 GHz was designed for generating underwater electromagnetic (EM) waves. Due to the supplementing dielectric-loaded waveguide in this single antenna, the problems with difficult sealing and fixation of the feed probe could be solved effectively. The simulation results show that it has a good impedance characteristics (<i>S</i><sub>11</sub> < −10 dB) and reasonable losses (less than 3.5 dB total for two antennas and a coaxial line) from 2.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz. Experiments on the single antenna were also carried out, which agree well with the simulations. Based on the designed single antenna, the water-immersed rectangular horn antenna array was proposed, and the phase gradient from 0~2π was fed to the horn antennas for generating underwater OAM waves. The simulation results demonstrate high fidelity of the generated OAM waves from the intensity and phase distributions. The purity of the generated OAM modes was also investigated and further verifies the high fidelity of the generated OAM waves. The generated high-quality OAM waves meet the requirements for underwater applications of OAM, such as underwater communication and underwater imaging. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:53:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79b61750af2b4f15a39875487fd5c2e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:53:06Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-79b61750af2b4f15a39875487fd5c2e82022-12-22T04:25:16ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922019-10-01811122410.3390/electronics8111224electronics8111224Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM WavesYang Yang0Zhanliang Wang1Shaomeng Wang2Qing Zhou3Fei Shen4Haibo Jiang5Zhe Wu6Baoqing Zeng7Zhongyi Guo8Yubin Gong9National Key Lab on Vacuum Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaNational Key Lab on Vacuum Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaNational Key Lab on Vacuum Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion, Langfang 056000, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, ChinaChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, ChinaNational Key Lab on Vacuum Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaNational Key Lab on Vacuum Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering & Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, ChinaNational Key Lab on Vacuum Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaIn order to extend the applications of vortex waves, we propose a water-immersed rectangular horn antenna array for generating underwater vortex waves carrying the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Firstly, a single dielectric-loaded rectangular horn antenna with the central frequency of 2.6 GHz was designed for generating underwater electromagnetic (EM) waves. Due to the supplementing dielectric-loaded waveguide in this single antenna, the problems with difficult sealing and fixation of the feed probe could be solved effectively. The simulation results show that it has a good impedance characteristics (<i>S</i><sub>11</sub> < −10 dB) and reasonable losses (less than 3.5 dB total for two antennas and a coaxial line) from 2.5 GHz to 2.7 GHz. Experiments on the single antenna were also carried out, which agree well with the simulations. Based on the designed single antenna, the water-immersed rectangular horn antenna array was proposed, and the phase gradient from 0~2π was fed to the horn antennas for generating underwater OAM waves. The simulation results demonstrate high fidelity of the generated OAM waves from the intensity and phase distributions. The purity of the generated OAM modes was also investigated and further verifies the high fidelity of the generated OAM waves. The generated high-quality OAM waves meet the requirements for underwater applications of OAM, such as underwater communication and underwater imaging.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/11/1224water-immersedorbital angular momentum (oam)rectangular horn antenna arraydielectric-loaded |
| spellingShingle | Yang Yang Zhanliang Wang Shaomeng Wang Qing Zhou Fei Shen Haibo Jiang Zhe Wu Baoqing Zeng Zhongyi Guo Yubin Gong Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves Electronics water-immersed orbital angular momentum (oam) rectangular horn antenna array dielectric-loaded |
| title | Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves |
| title_full | Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves |
| title_fullStr | Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves |
| title_short | Designing a Water-Immersed Rectangular Horn Antenna for Generating Underwater OAM Waves |
| title_sort | designing a water immersed rectangular horn antenna for generating underwater oam waves |
| topic | water-immersed orbital angular momentum (oam) rectangular horn antenna array dielectric-loaded |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/8/11/1224 |
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