Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading
The fibrocartilaginous tendon enthesis, i.e. the site where a tendon is attached to bone through a fibrocartilaginous tissue, is considered as a functionally graded interface. However, at local scale, a very limited number of studies have characterized micromechanical properties of this transitional...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Bone Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187224000019 |
| _version_ | 1827310654624628736 |
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| author | Claire Camy Tilman Grünewald Edouard Lamy Flavy Roseren Mathieu Caumes Théo Fovet Thomas Brioche Cecile Genovesio Angèle Chopard Martine Pithioux Sandrine Roffino |
| author_facet | Claire Camy Tilman Grünewald Edouard Lamy Flavy Roseren Mathieu Caumes Théo Fovet Thomas Brioche Cecile Genovesio Angèle Chopard Martine Pithioux Sandrine Roffino |
| author_sort | Claire Camy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fibrocartilaginous tendon enthesis, i.e. the site where a tendon is attached to bone through a fibrocartilaginous tissue, is considered as a functionally graded interface. However, at local scale, a very limited number of studies have characterized micromechanical properties of this transitional tissue. The first goal of this work was to characterize the micromechanical properties of the mineralized part of the healthy Achilles tendon enthesis (ATE) through microindentation testing and to assess the degree of mineralization and of carbonation of mineral crystals by Raman spectroscopy. Since little is known about enthesis biological plasticity, our second objective was to examine the effects of unloading and reloading, using a mouse hindlimb-unloading model, on both the micromechanical properties and the mineral phase of the ATE. Elastic modulus, hardness, degree of mineralization, and degree of carbonation were assessed after 14 days of hindlimb suspension and again after a subsequent 6 days of reloading. The elastic modulus gradually increased along the mineralized part of the ATE from the tidemark to the subchondral bone, with the same trend being found for hardness. Whereas the degree of carbonation did not differ according to zone of measurement, the degree of mineralization increased by >70 % from tidemark to subchondral bone. Thus, the gradient in micromechanical properties is in part explained by a mineralization gradient. A 14-day unloading period did not appear to affect the gradient of micromechanical properties of the ATE, nor the degree of mineralization or carbonation. However, contrary to a short period of unloading, early return to normal mechanical load reduced the micromechanical properties gradient, regardless of carbonate-to-phosphate ratios, likely due to the more homogeneous degree of mineralization. These findings provide valuable data not only for tissue bioengineering, but also for musculoskeletal clinical studies and microgravity studies focusing on long-term space travel by astronauts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:50:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79d76520007a4b6fbf95369634fcaeea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2352-1872 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:04:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bone Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-79d76520007a4b6fbf95369634fcaeea2024-03-24T06:59:11ZengElsevierBone Reports2352-18722024-03-0120101734Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloadingClaire Camy0Tilman Grünewald1Edouard Lamy2Flavy Roseren3Mathieu Caumes4Théo Fovet5Thomas Brioche6Cecile Genovesio7Angèle Chopard8Martine Pithioux9Sandrine Roffino10Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Mecabio Platform, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, FranceDMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, FranceDMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, FranceAix Marseille Univ, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, FranceDMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Mecabio Platform, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, FranceAix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France; Corresponding author.The fibrocartilaginous tendon enthesis, i.e. the site where a tendon is attached to bone through a fibrocartilaginous tissue, is considered as a functionally graded interface. However, at local scale, a very limited number of studies have characterized micromechanical properties of this transitional tissue. The first goal of this work was to characterize the micromechanical properties of the mineralized part of the healthy Achilles tendon enthesis (ATE) through microindentation testing and to assess the degree of mineralization and of carbonation of mineral crystals by Raman spectroscopy. Since little is known about enthesis biological plasticity, our second objective was to examine the effects of unloading and reloading, using a mouse hindlimb-unloading model, on both the micromechanical properties and the mineral phase of the ATE. Elastic modulus, hardness, degree of mineralization, and degree of carbonation were assessed after 14 days of hindlimb suspension and again after a subsequent 6 days of reloading. The elastic modulus gradually increased along the mineralized part of the ATE from the tidemark to the subchondral bone, with the same trend being found for hardness. Whereas the degree of carbonation did not differ according to zone of measurement, the degree of mineralization increased by >70 % from tidemark to subchondral bone. Thus, the gradient in micromechanical properties is in part explained by a mineralization gradient. A 14-day unloading period did not appear to affect the gradient of micromechanical properties of the ATE, nor the degree of mineralization or carbonation. However, contrary to a short period of unloading, early return to normal mechanical load reduced the micromechanical properties gradient, regardless of carbonate-to-phosphate ratios, likely due to the more homogeneous degree of mineralization. These findings provide valuable data not only for tissue bioengineering, but also for musculoskeletal clinical studies and microgravity studies focusing on long-term space travel by astronauts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187224000019Achilles tendon enthesisMicroindentationRaman spectroscopySimulated weightlessnessReloadingFunctionally graded interface |
| spellingShingle | Claire Camy Tilman Grünewald Edouard Lamy Flavy Roseren Mathieu Caumes Théo Fovet Thomas Brioche Cecile Genovesio Angèle Chopard Martine Pithioux Sandrine Roffino Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading Bone Reports Achilles tendon enthesis Microindentation Raman spectroscopy Simulated weightlessness Reloading Functionally graded interface |
| title | Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading |
| title_full | Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading |
| title_short | Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading |
| title_sort | characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation effects of unloading and subsequent reloading |
| topic | Achilles tendon enthesis Microindentation Raman spectroscopy Simulated weightlessness Reloading Functionally graded interface |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187224000019 |
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