Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards
Growers of organic tree fruit face challenges in controlling some pests more easily suppressed by broad-spectrum insecticides in conventionally managed orchards. In recent decades, there has been a move towards organically growing varieties normally reliant on synthetic chemical pesticides (e.g., Ga...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/12/1106 |
| _version_ | 1827671939201630208 |
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| author | Bethan Shaw Csaba Nagy Michelle T. Fountain |
| author_facet | Bethan Shaw Csaba Nagy Michelle T. Fountain |
| author_sort | Bethan Shaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Growers of organic tree fruit face challenges in controlling some pests more easily suppressed by broad-spectrum insecticides in conventionally managed orchards. In recent decades, there has been a move towards organically growing varieties normally reliant on synthetic chemical pesticides (e.g., Gala), often to meet retailer/consumer demands. This inevitably makes crop protection in organic orchards more challenging, as modern varieties can be less tolerant to pests. In addition, there have been substantial reductions in plant protection product (PPP) approvals, resulting in fewer chemical options available for integrated pest management (IPM)-maintained orchards. Conversely, the organic management of fruit tree pests involves many practices that could be successfully implemented in conventionally grown crops, but which are currently not. These practices could also be more widely used in IPM-maintained orchards, alleviating the reliance on broad-spectrum PPP. In this review, we evaluate organic practices, with a focus on those that could be incorporated into conventional apple and pear production. The topics cover cultural control, biological control, physical and pest modifications. While the pests discussed mainly affect European species, many of the methods could be used to target other global pests for more environmentally sustainable practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79d8fbff665a4be0aa5e47e3c7cb6b19 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-79d8fbff665a4be0aa5e47e3c7cb6b192023-11-23T08:52:58ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-12-011212110610.3390/insects12121106Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear OrchardsBethan Shaw0Csaba Nagy1Michelle T. Fountain2NIAB EMR, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UKResearch Centre for Fruit Growing, Institute of Horticultural Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Budapest, HungaryNIAB EMR, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UKGrowers of organic tree fruit face challenges in controlling some pests more easily suppressed by broad-spectrum insecticides in conventionally managed orchards. In recent decades, there has been a move towards organically growing varieties normally reliant on synthetic chemical pesticides (e.g., Gala), often to meet retailer/consumer demands. This inevitably makes crop protection in organic orchards more challenging, as modern varieties can be less tolerant to pests. In addition, there have been substantial reductions in plant protection product (PPP) approvals, resulting in fewer chemical options available for integrated pest management (IPM)-maintained orchards. Conversely, the organic management of fruit tree pests involves many practices that could be successfully implemented in conventionally grown crops, but which are currently not. These practices could also be more widely used in IPM-maintained orchards, alleviating the reliance on broad-spectrum PPP. In this review, we evaluate organic practices, with a focus on those that could be incorporated into conventional apple and pear production. The topics cover cultural control, biological control, physical and pest modifications. While the pests discussed mainly affect European species, many of the methods could be used to target other global pests for more environmentally sustainable practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/12/1106biological controlcodling mothcultural controlfruitphysical control |
| spellingShingle | Bethan Shaw Csaba Nagy Michelle T. Fountain Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards Insects biological control codling moth cultural control fruit physical control |
| title | Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards |
| title_full | Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards |
| title_fullStr | Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards |
| title_short | Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards |
| title_sort | organic control strategies for use in ipm of invertebrate pests in apple and pear orchards |
| topic | biological control codling moth cultural control fruit physical control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/12/1106 |
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