Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect
Dissolved arsenic (As) may appear at the tile line level through preferential flow (PF), leading to contamination of shallow water bodies. Limited work on the movement of As forms in field soils urged the need for more research. The PF of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) compared to chloride...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/3/386 |
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| author | Shah Rukh Mohammad Saleem Akhtar Fahad Alshehri Ayaz Mehmood Kouser Majeed Malik Sattam Almadani Ahmad Khan Muhammad Shahab |
| author_facet | Shah Rukh Mohammad Saleem Akhtar Fahad Alshehri Ayaz Mehmood Kouser Majeed Malik Sattam Almadani Ahmad Khan Muhammad Shahab |
| author_sort | Shah Rukh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dissolved arsenic (As) may appear at the tile line level through preferential flow (PF), leading to contamination of shallow water bodies. Limited work on the movement of As forms in field soils urged the need for more research. The PF of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) compared to chloride (Cl) at constant flow under saturated (10 mm), slightly unsaturated (−10 mm), and unsaturated (−40 mm) pressure heads was evaluated in replicated large field columns varying in subsoil structure. A solute containing As(V), As(III), and Cl was pulsed until the Cl concentration ratio in the drainage samples reached maxima and flushed with solute-free irrigation. HYDRUS-1D software version 4.15 was utilized to fit the breakthroughs of As(V) and As(III) in the dual-porosity physical non-equilibrium model (DP-PNE). The Langmuir equation was used to fit the As(V) and As(III) sorption isotherms, and blue dye staining was used for the marking of flow paths. Dye leaching was observed up to 50 cm or deeper in the soils. Under saturated conditions (+10 mm), Kotli, Guliana, and Mansehra soils showed chemical non-equilibrium (CNE) for As(V) and As(III); however, the extent of CNE was less under unsaturated conditions (−40 mm). These results implied that these well-structured soils had enough large macropores, which cause PF, but at the same time, they were also small enough to retain water and leach solutes under unsaturated conditions (−40 mm). It is concluded that irrigation of contaminated water or dumping solid waste on well-aggregated soil may exhibit PF of dissolved As during and after rains, and additionally As(III), which is more toxic and mobile under reduced conditions, has equal or greater potential for movement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:46:54Z |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:46:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-79dee83ddeb94a53bd5aee5646f2cced2024-02-09T15:24:23ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412024-01-0116338610.3390/w16030386Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure EffectShah Rukh0Mohammad Saleem Akhtar1Fahad Alshehri2Ayaz Mehmood3Kouser Majeed Malik4Sattam Almadani5Ahmad Khan6Muhammad Shahab7National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, PakistanInstitute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanAbdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research, Geology and Geophysics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Soil and Climate Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, PakistanSoil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Rawalpindi 46300, PakistanAbdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research, Geology and Geophysics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaAbdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research, Geology and Geophysics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaAbdullah Alrushaid Chair for Earth Science Remote Sensing Research, Geology and Geophysics Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDissolved arsenic (As) may appear at the tile line level through preferential flow (PF), leading to contamination of shallow water bodies. Limited work on the movement of As forms in field soils urged the need for more research. The PF of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) compared to chloride (Cl) at constant flow under saturated (10 mm), slightly unsaturated (−10 mm), and unsaturated (−40 mm) pressure heads was evaluated in replicated large field columns varying in subsoil structure. A solute containing As(V), As(III), and Cl was pulsed until the Cl concentration ratio in the drainage samples reached maxima and flushed with solute-free irrigation. HYDRUS-1D software version 4.15 was utilized to fit the breakthroughs of As(V) and As(III) in the dual-porosity physical non-equilibrium model (DP-PNE). The Langmuir equation was used to fit the As(V) and As(III) sorption isotherms, and blue dye staining was used for the marking of flow paths. Dye leaching was observed up to 50 cm or deeper in the soils. Under saturated conditions (+10 mm), Kotli, Guliana, and Mansehra soils showed chemical non-equilibrium (CNE) for As(V) and As(III); however, the extent of CNE was less under unsaturated conditions (−40 mm). These results implied that these well-structured soils had enough large macropores, which cause PF, but at the same time, they were also small enough to retain water and leach solutes under unsaturated conditions (−40 mm). It is concluded that irrigation of contaminated water or dumping solid waste on well-aggregated soil may exhibit PF of dissolved As during and after rains, and additionally As(III), which is more toxic and mobile under reduced conditions, has equal or greater potential for movement.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/3/386preferential flowarsenic species transport parametersmacropore flowHYDRUS-1D |
| spellingShingle | Shah Rukh Mohammad Saleem Akhtar Fahad Alshehri Ayaz Mehmood Kouser Majeed Malik Sattam Almadani Ahmad Khan Muhammad Shahab Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect Water preferential flow arsenic species transport parameters macropore flow HYDRUS-1D |
| title | Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect |
| title_full | Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect |
| title_fullStr | Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect |
| title_short | Modeling the Transport of Inorganic Arsenic Species through Field Soils: Irrigation and Soil Structure Effect |
| title_sort | modeling the transport of inorganic arsenic species through field soils irrigation and soil structure effect |
| topic | preferential flow arsenic species transport parameters macropore flow HYDRUS-1D |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/3/386 |
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