Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical Oceans
Projections of future climate are sensitive to the representation of upper-ocean diurnal variability, including the diurnal cycle of winds. Two different methods suitable for time series with missing data are used here to characterize how observed diurnal winds vary over the year. One is based on di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/459 |
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| author | Donata Giglio Sarah T. Gille Bruce D. Cornuelle Aneesh C. Subramanian F. Joseph Turk Svetla Hristova-Veleva Devon Northcott |
| author_facet | Donata Giglio Sarah T. Gille Bruce D. Cornuelle Aneesh C. Subramanian F. Joseph Turk Svetla Hristova-Veleva Devon Northcott |
| author_sort | Donata Giglio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Projections of future climate are sensitive to the representation of upper-ocean diurnal variability, including the diurnal cycle of winds. Two different methods suitable for time series with missing data are used here to characterize how observed diurnal winds vary over the year. One is based on diurnal composites of mooring data, and the other is based on harmonic analysis via a least squares fit and is able to isolate annual (i.e., 1 cycle per year) modulation of diurnal variability. Results show that the diurnal amplitude in meridional winds is larger than in zonal winds and peaks in the tropical Pacific, where diurnal variability in zonal winds is overall weaker compared to other basins. Furthermore, the amplitude and phasing of diurnal winds in the tropical oceans are not uniform in time, with overall larger differences through the year in the meridional component of tropical winds. Estimating the annual modulation of the diurnal signal implies resolving both the diurnal energy peak and also the modulation of this peak by the annual cycle. This leads to a recommendation for sampling at least 6 times per day and for a duration of at least 3 years. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:14:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79e4d53aa44243cfa15622db9a355bb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:14:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-79e4d53aa44243cfa15622db9a355bb82023-11-23T17:38:00ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-01-0114345910.3390/rs14030459Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical OceansDonata Giglio0Sarah T. Gille1Bruce D. Cornuelle2Aneesh C. Subramanian3F. Joseph Turk4Svetla Hristova-Veleva5Devon Northcott6Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USAScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USAProjections of future climate are sensitive to the representation of upper-ocean diurnal variability, including the diurnal cycle of winds. Two different methods suitable for time series with missing data are used here to characterize how observed diurnal winds vary over the year. One is based on diurnal composites of mooring data, and the other is based on harmonic analysis via a least squares fit and is able to isolate annual (i.e., 1 cycle per year) modulation of diurnal variability. Results show that the diurnal amplitude in meridional winds is larger than in zonal winds and peaks in the tropical Pacific, where diurnal variability in zonal winds is overall weaker compared to other basins. Furthermore, the amplitude and phasing of diurnal winds in the tropical oceans are not uniform in time, with overall larger differences through the year in the meridional component of tropical winds. Estimating the annual modulation of the diurnal signal implies resolving both the diurnal energy peak and also the modulation of this peak by the annual cycle. This leads to a recommendation for sampling at least 6 times per day and for a duration of at least 3 years.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/459tropical windsdiurnal variabilityannual modulation |
| spellingShingle | Donata Giglio Sarah T. Gille Bruce D. Cornuelle Aneesh C. Subramanian F. Joseph Turk Svetla Hristova-Veleva Devon Northcott Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical Oceans Remote Sensing tropical winds diurnal variability annual modulation |
| title | Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical Oceans |
| title_full | Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical Oceans |
| title_fullStr | Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical Oceans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical Oceans |
| title_short | Annual Modulation of Diurnal Winds in the Tropical Oceans |
| title_sort | annual modulation of diurnal winds in the tropical oceans |
| topic | tropical winds diurnal variability annual modulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/3/459 |
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