Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot Degradation
Extractives found in the heartwood of a moderately durable conifer (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) were compared with those found in a non-durable one (Picea abies). We identified and quantified heartwood extractives by extraction with solvents of different polarities and gas chromatography with mass...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00855/full |
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| author | Sophie Füchtner Theis Brock-Nannestad Annika Smeds Maria Fredriksson Annica Pilgård Annica Pilgård Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen |
| author_facet | Sophie Füchtner Theis Brock-Nannestad Annika Smeds Maria Fredriksson Annica Pilgård Annica Pilgård Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen |
| author_sort | Sophie Füchtner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extractives found in the heartwood of a moderately durable conifer (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) were compared with those found in a non-durable one (Picea abies). We identified and quantified heartwood extractives by extraction with solvents of different polarities and gas chromatography with mass spectral detection (GC-MS). Among the extracted compounds, there was a much higher amount of hydrophilic phenolics in larch (flavonoids) than in spruce (lignans). Both species had similar resin acid and fatty acid contents. The hydrophobic resin components are considered fungitoxic and the more hydrophilic components are known for their antioxidant activity. To ascertain the importance of the different classes of extractives, samples were partially extracted prior to subjection to the brown-rot fungus Rhodonia placenta for 2–8 weeks. Results indicated that the most important (but rather inefficient) defense in spruce came from the fungitoxic resin, while large amounts of flavonoids played a key role in larch defense. Possible moisture exclusion effects of larch extractives were quantified via the equilibrium moisture content of partially extracted samples, but were found to be too small to play any significant role in the defense against incipient brow-rot attack. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T02:50:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79e5f18ad2d244b5a3c1717bdf88e67e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T02:50:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-79e5f18ad2d244b5a3c1717bdf88e67e2022-12-22T00:02:05ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2020-06-011110.3389/fpls.2020.00855508297Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot DegradationSophie Füchtner0Theis Brock-Nannestad1Annika Smeds2Maria Fredriksson3Annica Pilgård4Annica Pilgård5Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen6Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkLaboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandFaculty of Engineering, Division of Building Materials, Lund University, Lund, SwedenWood Research Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, GermanyResearch Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkExtractives found in the heartwood of a moderately durable conifer (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) were compared with those found in a non-durable one (Picea abies). We identified and quantified heartwood extractives by extraction with solvents of different polarities and gas chromatography with mass spectral detection (GC-MS). Among the extracted compounds, there was a much higher amount of hydrophilic phenolics in larch (flavonoids) than in spruce (lignans). Both species had similar resin acid and fatty acid contents. The hydrophobic resin components are considered fungitoxic and the more hydrophilic components are known for their antioxidant activity. To ascertain the importance of the different classes of extractives, samples were partially extracted prior to subjection to the brown-rot fungus Rhodonia placenta for 2–8 weeks. Results indicated that the most important (but rather inefficient) defense in spruce came from the fungitoxic resin, while large amounts of flavonoids played a key role in larch defense. Possible moisture exclusion effects of larch extractives were quantified via the equilibrium moisture content of partially extracted samples, but were found to be too small to play any significant role in the defense against incipient brow-rot attack.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00855/fullextractivesbrown-rotsprucelarchdurabilitymoisture content |
| spellingShingle | Sophie Füchtner Theis Brock-Nannestad Annika Smeds Maria Fredriksson Annica Pilgård Annica Pilgård Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot Degradation Frontiers in Plant Science extractives brown-rot spruce larch durability moisture content |
| title | Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot Degradation |
| title_full | Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot Degradation |
| title_fullStr | Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot Degradation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot Degradation |
| title_short | Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Extractives in Norway Spruce and Kurile Larch and Their Role in Brown-Rot Degradation |
| title_sort | hydrophobic and hydrophilic extractives in norway spruce and kurile larch and their role in brown rot degradation |
| topic | extractives brown-rot spruce larch durability moisture content |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2020.00855/full |
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