Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes
Abstract Although landscape spatial structure is known to influence spatial patterns of biodiversity, its effect on insect communities at higher trophic levels such as parasitoids remains poorly understood. This is particularly true in continuously distributed forests in which it can be difficult to...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Ecosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2075 |
| _version_ | 1818941898880974848 |
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| author | Ronan Marrec Olivier Pontbriand‐Paré Simon Legault Patrick M. A. James |
| author_facet | Ronan Marrec Olivier Pontbriand‐Paré Simon Legault Patrick M. A. James |
| author_sort | Ronan Marrec |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Although landscape spatial structure is known to influence spatial patterns of biodiversity, its effect on insect communities at higher trophic levels such as parasitoids remains poorly understood. This is particularly true in continuously distributed forests in which it can be difficult to identify clear boundaries among habitat patches. Using the metacommunity framework, we evaluate the relative importance of forest landscape structure, non‐environmental spatial structure, and host outbreak status to spatial and within‐season temporal variation in parasitoid communities. We used variation partitioning and metacommunity structure analyses to identify (1) the drivers of the metacommunity structure of parasitoids associated with the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), and (2) how their relative influence varies through a season. We used a multi‐scale perspective to summarize landscape heterogeneity in regions of increasing size around the community sampling locations. Spruce budworm larvae and pupae were sampled during three periods during the summer 2014 in 18 locations within continuous forest landscapes in Quebec, Canada. Thirty‐two parasitoid wasp and fly species were recorded, 16 of which were found at more than one location. We found that the mechanisms shaping metacommunity structure changed over the course of a single season and that community structure varied among sites. At early and late periods in the season, we found that non‐environmental structure, forest structure, and likely inter‐specific competition were the main mechanisms influencing spatial variation in community structure. These results suggest a competition–dispersal trade‐off. In contrast, at the middle period of the season, environmental filtering by forest structure and stochastic events were found to influence community structure. This period corresponds to the transition between early and late parasitoid communities. Our findings on the role of environmental filtering and forest structure support the idea that forest manipulations have the potential to influence parasitoid populations and hence spruce budworm outbreak dynamics as hypothesized by the “enemies hypothesis.” Moreover, our study highlights the value of considering a multi‐scale approach and temporal variability of species interactions when characterizing the multiple processes shaping spatial metacommunity structure, particularly in continuous environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:02:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79e9de42262e46b38603d12d5950002b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-8925 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T07:02:51Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-79e9de42262e46b38603d12d5950002b2022-12-21T19:49:10ZengWileyEcosphere2150-89252018-01-0191n/an/a10.1002/ecs2.2075Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapesRonan Marrec0Olivier Pontbriand‐Paré1Simon Legault2Patrick M. A. James3Département de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 CanadaDépartement de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 CanadaDépartement de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 CanadaDépartement de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 CanadaAbstract Although landscape spatial structure is known to influence spatial patterns of biodiversity, its effect on insect communities at higher trophic levels such as parasitoids remains poorly understood. This is particularly true in continuously distributed forests in which it can be difficult to identify clear boundaries among habitat patches. Using the metacommunity framework, we evaluate the relative importance of forest landscape structure, non‐environmental spatial structure, and host outbreak status to spatial and within‐season temporal variation in parasitoid communities. We used variation partitioning and metacommunity structure analyses to identify (1) the drivers of the metacommunity structure of parasitoids associated with the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana), and (2) how their relative influence varies through a season. We used a multi‐scale perspective to summarize landscape heterogeneity in regions of increasing size around the community sampling locations. Spruce budworm larvae and pupae were sampled during three periods during the summer 2014 in 18 locations within continuous forest landscapes in Quebec, Canada. Thirty‐two parasitoid wasp and fly species were recorded, 16 of which were found at more than one location. We found that the mechanisms shaping metacommunity structure changed over the course of a single season and that community structure varied among sites. At early and late periods in the season, we found that non‐environmental structure, forest structure, and likely inter‐specific competition were the main mechanisms influencing spatial variation in community structure. These results suggest a competition–dispersal trade‐off. In contrast, at the middle period of the season, environmental filtering by forest structure and stochastic events were found to influence community structure. This period corresponds to the transition between early and late parasitoid communities. Our findings on the role of environmental filtering and forest structure support the idea that forest manipulations have the potential to influence parasitoid populations and hence spruce budworm outbreak dynamics as hypothesized by the “enemies hypothesis.” Moreover, our study highlights the value of considering a multi‐scale approach and temporal variability of species interactions when characterizing the multiple processes shaping spatial metacommunity structure, particularly in continuous environments.https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2075boreal forestcontinuous landscapeelements of metacommunity structuremulti‐scale frameworkspruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferanavariation partitioning |
| spellingShingle | Ronan Marrec Olivier Pontbriand‐Paré Simon Legault Patrick M. A. James Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes Ecosphere boreal forest continuous landscape elements of metacommunity structure multi‐scale framework spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana variation partitioning |
| title | Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes |
| topic | boreal forest continuous landscape elements of metacommunity structure multi‐scale framework spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana variation partitioning |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2075 |
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