Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic Compounds
Yellow peach moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), YPM) and maize ear rot are important pests and diseases of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L., (Poales: Poaceae)). In recent years, YPM has become the most destructive maize pest in the Huang-Huai-H...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/251 |
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| author | Yinhu Chen Jie Han Haiqing Yang Xiaochun Qin Honggang Guo Yanli Du |
| author_facet | Yinhu Chen Jie Han Haiqing Yang Xiaochun Qin Honggang Guo Yanli Du |
| author_sort | Yinhu Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Yellow peach moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), YPM) and maize ear rot are important pests and diseases of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L., (Poales: Poaceae)). In recent years, YPM has become the most destructive maize pest in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region of China via the tunneling of larvae into maize ears. Interestingly, YPM infestation aggravates the occurrence of maize ear rot and causes heavier yield loss of maize in the field. However, few studies report whether maize ear rot would also affect the behavior of YPM. Here, we identified the effects of maize ear rot caused by four different fungi on maize ears’ volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the cascading effects on the behavior of YPM. The current results found that mated YPM females showed a preference for mock-inoculated maize ears (MIM) or mechanically damaged maize ears (MDM) but showed repellence to <i>Penicillium oxalicum</i> (Eurotiales: Aspergillaceae)-infected maize ears (POM), <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae)-infected maize ears (TAM), <i>Aspergillus phoenicis</i> (Eurotiales: Aspergillaceae)-infected maize ears (APM), <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> (Eurotiales: Aspergillaceae)-infected maize ears (AFM) in the oviposition selection and four-arm olfactometer experiments, indicating that VOCs emitting from fungi-infected maize ears were all repellent to mated YPM females. Further analyses showed that 57 VOCs were identified from all treatments. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) displayed a separation between TAM, APM, AFM and POM, MDM, and MIM, with 24.3% and 19.1% explanation rates of the first two PLS components. Moreover, the relative quantities of eight common VOCs from different treatments were lower, and the other three common VOCs were higher in fungi-infected maize ears than those in MIM or MDM. There were also 17 unique VOCs in fungi-infected maize ears. In conclusion, these results suggested that maize ear rot negatively affected the behavior of YPM by changing both components and proportions of maize ears’ VOCs. These behavior-modifying VOCs may form the basis for the development of attractant or repellent formulations for YPM’s management in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:50:09Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:50:09Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-79fc63a134654d7683380b132eb6d5312023-11-30T20:52:01ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-01-0113125110.3390/agronomy13010251Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic CompoundsYinhu Chen0Jie Han1Haiqing Yang2Xiaochun Qin3Honggang Guo4Yanli Du5College of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaCollege of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaBeijing Pinggu District People’s Government Fruit Office, Beijing 101200, ChinaCollege of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaCollege of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaCollege of Bioscience and Resource Environment/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaYellow peach moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée), (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), YPM) and maize ear rot are important pests and diseases of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L., (Poales: Poaceae)). In recent years, YPM has become the most destructive maize pest in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region of China via the tunneling of larvae into maize ears. Interestingly, YPM infestation aggravates the occurrence of maize ear rot and causes heavier yield loss of maize in the field. However, few studies report whether maize ear rot would also affect the behavior of YPM. Here, we identified the effects of maize ear rot caused by four different fungi on maize ears’ volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the cascading effects on the behavior of YPM. The current results found that mated YPM females showed a preference for mock-inoculated maize ears (MIM) or mechanically damaged maize ears (MDM) but showed repellence to <i>Penicillium oxalicum</i> (Eurotiales: Aspergillaceae)-infected maize ears (POM), <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> (Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae)-infected maize ears (TAM), <i>Aspergillus phoenicis</i> (Eurotiales: Aspergillaceae)-infected maize ears (APM), <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> (Eurotiales: Aspergillaceae)-infected maize ears (AFM) in the oviposition selection and four-arm olfactometer experiments, indicating that VOCs emitting from fungi-infected maize ears were all repellent to mated YPM females. Further analyses showed that 57 VOCs were identified from all treatments. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) displayed a separation between TAM, APM, AFM and POM, MDM, and MIM, with 24.3% and 19.1% explanation rates of the first two PLS components. Moreover, the relative quantities of eight common VOCs from different treatments were lower, and the other three common VOCs were higher in fungi-infected maize ears than those in MIM or MDM. There were also 17 unique VOCs in fungi-infected maize ears. In conclusion, these results suggested that maize ear rot negatively affected the behavior of YPM by changing both components and proportions of maize ears’ VOCs. These behavior-modifying VOCs may form the basis for the development of attractant or repellent formulations for YPM’s management in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/251yellow peach moth (YPM)maize ear rottripartite interactionshost plant selection behaviorhost plant VOCs |
| spellingShingle | Yinhu Chen Jie Han Haiqing Yang Xiaochun Qin Honggang Guo Yanli Du Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic Compounds Agronomy yellow peach moth (YPM) maize ear rot tripartite interactions host plant selection behavior host plant VOCs |
| title | Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_full | Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_short | Different Maize Ear Rot Fungi Deter the Oviposition of Yellow Peach Moth (<i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> (Guenée)) by Maize Volatile Organic Compounds |
| title_sort | different maize ear rot fungi deter the oviposition of yellow peach moth i conogethes punctiferalis i guenee by maize volatile organic compounds |
| topic | yellow peach moth (YPM) maize ear rot tripartite interactions host plant selection behavior host plant VOCs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/1/251 |
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