Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker
IntroductionRALA is a member of the small GTPase Ras superfamily and has been shown to play a role in promoting cell proliferation and migration in most tumors, and increase the resistance of anticancer drugs such as imatinib and cisplatin. Although many literatures have studied the cancer-promoting...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046044/full |
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| author | Haoer Jin Haoer Jin Sha Qin Sha Qin Jiang He Juxiong Xiao Qingling Li Qingling Li Yitao Mao Yitao Mao Luqing Zhao Luqing Zhao Luqing Zhao |
| author_facet | Haoer Jin Haoer Jin Sha Qin Sha Qin Jiang He Juxiong Xiao Qingling Li Qingling Li Yitao Mao Yitao Mao Luqing Zhao Luqing Zhao Luqing Zhao |
| author_sort | Haoer Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionRALA is a member of the small GTPase Ras superfamily and has been shown to play a role in promoting cell proliferation and migration in most tumors, and increase the resistance of anticancer drugs such as imatinib and cisplatin. Although many literatures have studied the cancer-promoting mechanism of RALA, there is a lack of relevant pan-cancer analysis.MethodsThis study systematically analyzed the differential expression and mutation of RALA in pan-cancer, including different tissues and cancer cell lines, and studied the prognosis and immune infiltration associated with RALA in various cancers. Next, based on the genes co-expressed with RALA in pan-cancer, we selected 241 genes with high correlation for enrichment analysis. In terms of pan-cancer, we also analyzed the protein-protein interaction pathway of RALA and the application of small molecule drug Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate. We screened hepatocellular cancer (HCC) to further study RALA.ResultsThe results indicated that RALA was highly expressed in most cancers. RALA was significantly correlated with the infiltration of B cells and macrophages, as well as the expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as CD274, CTLA4, HAVCR2 and LAG3, suggesting that RALA can be used as a kind of new pan-cancer immune marker. The main functions of 241 genes are mitosis and protein localization to nucleosome, which are related to cell cycle. For HCC, the results displayed that RALA was positively correlated with common intracellular signaling pathways such as angiogenesis and apoptosis.DiscussionIn summary, RALA was closely related to the clinical prognosis and immune infiltration of various tumors, and RALA was expected to become a broad-spectrum molecular immune therapeutic target and prognostic marker for pan-cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:17:49Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:17:49Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-79ffda0d88a84ecc9caa811052cf129f2022-12-22T02:52:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-11-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10460441046044Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic markerHaoer Jin0Haoer Jin1Sha Qin2Sha Qin3Jiang He4Juxiong Xiao5Qingling Li6Qingling Li7Yitao Mao8Yitao Mao9Luqing Zhao10Luqing Zhao11Luqing Zhao12Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaCenter for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaIntroductionRALA is a member of the small GTPase Ras superfamily and has been shown to play a role in promoting cell proliferation and migration in most tumors, and increase the resistance of anticancer drugs such as imatinib and cisplatin. Although many literatures have studied the cancer-promoting mechanism of RALA, there is a lack of relevant pan-cancer analysis.MethodsThis study systematically analyzed the differential expression and mutation of RALA in pan-cancer, including different tissues and cancer cell lines, and studied the prognosis and immune infiltration associated with RALA in various cancers. Next, based on the genes co-expressed with RALA in pan-cancer, we selected 241 genes with high correlation for enrichment analysis. In terms of pan-cancer, we also analyzed the protein-protein interaction pathway of RALA and the application of small molecule drug Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate. We screened hepatocellular cancer (HCC) to further study RALA.ResultsThe results indicated that RALA was highly expressed in most cancers. RALA was significantly correlated with the infiltration of B cells and macrophages, as well as the expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as CD274, CTLA4, HAVCR2 and LAG3, suggesting that RALA can be used as a kind of new pan-cancer immune marker. The main functions of 241 genes are mitosis and protein localization to nucleosome, which are related to cell cycle. For HCC, the results displayed that RALA was positively correlated with common intracellular signaling pathways such as angiogenesis and apoptosis.DiscussionIn summary, RALA was closely related to the clinical prognosis and immune infiltration of various tumors, and RALA was expected to become a broad-spectrum molecular immune therapeutic target and prognostic marker for pan-cancer.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046044/fullRALApan-cancer analysisHCCimmune targetprognostic marker |
| spellingShingle | Haoer Jin Haoer Jin Sha Qin Sha Qin Jiang He Juxiong Xiao Qingling Li Qingling Li Yitao Mao Yitao Mao Luqing Zhao Luqing Zhao Luqing Zhao Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker Frontiers in Immunology RALA pan-cancer analysis HCC immune target prognostic marker |
| title | Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker |
| title_full | Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker |
| title_fullStr | Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker |
| title_short | Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies RALA as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker |
| title_sort | systematic pan cancer analysis identifies rala as a tumor targeting immune therapeutic and prognostic marker |
| topic | RALA pan-cancer analysis HCC immune target prognostic marker |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046044/full |
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