Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering
This study aimed to develop poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted glycidyl methacrylate/cellulose nanofiber (PVA-g-GMA/CNF) injectable hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering. PVA-g-GMA is an interesting polymer for preparing cross-linking injectable hydrogels with UV radiation, but it has poor mechanical...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4230 |
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| author | Jiraporn Sinna Rachasit Jeencham Priyapat Mueangkhot Sorasak Sophon Pornpattara Noralak Romtira Raksapakdee Piya-on Numpaisal Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat |
| author_facet | Jiraporn Sinna Rachasit Jeencham Priyapat Mueangkhot Sorasak Sophon Pornpattara Noralak Romtira Raksapakdee Piya-on Numpaisal Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat |
| author_sort | Jiraporn Sinna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to develop poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted glycidyl methacrylate/cellulose nanofiber (PVA-g-GMA/CNF) injectable hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering. PVA-g-GMA is an interesting polymer for preparing cross-linking injectable hydrogels with UV radiation, but it has poor mechanical properties and low cell proliferation. In this study, CNF as a reinforcing agent was selected to improve mechanical properties and cell proliferation in PVA-g-GMA injectable hydro-gels. The effect of CNF concentration on hydrogel properties was investigated. Both PVA-g-GMA and PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CNF can be formed by UV curing at a wavelength of 365 nm, 6 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> for 10 min. All hydrogels showed substantial microporosity with interconnected tunnels, and a pore size diameter range of 3–68 µm. In addition, all hydrogels also showed high physicochemical properties, a gel fraction of 81–82%, porosity of 83–94%, water content of 73–87%, and water swelling of 272–652%. The water content and swelling of hydrogels were increased when CNF concentration increased. It is worth noting that the reduction of porosity in the hydrogels occurred with increasing CNF concentration. With increasing CNF concentration from 0.3% to 0.7% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), the compressive strength and compressive modulus of the hydrogels significantly increased from 23 kPa to 127 kPa and 27 kPa to 130 kPa, respectively. All of the hydrogels were seeded with human cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) and cultured for 14 days. PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.5% and 0.7% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CNF demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate than PVA-g-GMA and PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.3% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CNF, as confirmed by MTT assay. At optimum formulation, 10%PVA-g-GMA/0.7%CNF injectable hydrogel met tissue engineering requirements, which showed excellent properties and significantly promoted cell proliferation, and has a great potential for meniscus tissue engineering application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:23:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a119a4f89ee493d853017ceec282bd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:23:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a119a4f89ee493d853017ceec282bd22023-11-10T15:10:37ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-10-011521423010.3390/polym15214230Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue EngineeringJiraporn Sinna0Rachasit Jeencham1Priyapat Mueangkhot2Sorasak Sophon3Pornpattara Noralak4Romtira Raksapakdee5Piya-on Numpaisal6Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat7Research Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandResearch Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandSchool of Polymer Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandResearch Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandResearch Center for Biocomposite Materials for Medical Industry and Agricultural and Food Industry, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandThis study aimed to develop poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted glycidyl methacrylate/cellulose nanofiber (PVA-g-GMA/CNF) injectable hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering. PVA-g-GMA is an interesting polymer for preparing cross-linking injectable hydrogels with UV radiation, but it has poor mechanical properties and low cell proliferation. In this study, CNF as a reinforcing agent was selected to improve mechanical properties and cell proliferation in PVA-g-GMA injectable hydro-gels. The effect of CNF concentration on hydrogel properties was investigated. Both PVA-g-GMA and PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CNF can be formed by UV curing at a wavelength of 365 nm, 6 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> for 10 min. All hydrogels showed substantial microporosity with interconnected tunnels, and a pore size diameter range of 3–68 µm. In addition, all hydrogels also showed high physicochemical properties, a gel fraction of 81–82%, porosity of 83–94%, water content of 73–87%, and water swelling of 272–652%. The water content and swelling of hydrogels were increased when CNF concentration increased. It is worth noting that the reduction of porosity in the hydrogels occurred with increasing CNF concentration. With increasing CNF concentration from 0.3% to 0.7% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>), the compressive strength and compressive modulus of the hydrogels significantly increased from 23 kPa to 127 kPa and 27 kPa to 130 kPa, respectively. All of the hydrogels were seeded with human cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) and cultured for 14 days. PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.5% and 0.7% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CNF demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate than PVA-g-GMA and PVA-g-GMA hydrogels incorporating 0.3% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) CNF, as confirmed by MTT assay. At optimum formulation, 10%PVA-g-GMA/0.7%CNF injectable hydrogel met tissue engineering requirements, which showed excellent properties and significantly promoted cell proliferation, and has a great potential for meniscus tissue engineering application.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4230poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted glycidyl methacrylatecellulose nanofiberinjectable hydrogelsmeniscustissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Jiraporn Sinna Rachasit Jeencham Priyapat Mueangkhot Sorasak Sophon Pornpattara Noralak Romtira Raksapakdee Piya-on Numpaisal Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering Polymers poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted glycidyl methacrylate cellulose nanofiber injectable hydrogels meniscus tissue engineering |
| title | Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering |
| title_full | Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering |
| title_fullStr | Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering |
| title_short | Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate/Cellulose Nanofiber Injectable Hydrogels for Meniscus Tissue Engineering |
| title_sort | development of poly vinyl alcohol grafted glycidyl methacrylate cellulose nanofiber injectable hydrogels for meniscus tissue engineering |
| topic | poly (vinyl alcohol) grafted glycidyl methacrylate cellulose nanofiber injectable hydrogels meniscus tissue engineering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/21/4230 |
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