Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulation
Water is the most important non-organic compound for living cells, and the life of all living organisms depends on it. Water is not found purely in nature, but it always contains some solutes, suspended matters and soluble gases. In this study, 11 bottled water brands (500 mL) were sampled across th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023078556 |
| _version_ | 1797646522610876416 |
|---|---|
| author | Nezam Mirzaei Safa Kalteh Hakime Zamani-Badi Heshmatallah Moradpour Zeinab Parmoozeh Mansour Baziar |
| author_facet | Nezam Mirzaei Safa Kalteh Hakime Zamani-Badi Heshmatallah Moradpour Zeinab Parmoozeh Mansour Baziar |
| author_sort | Nezam Mirzaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water is the most important non-organic compound for living cells, and the life of all living organisms depends on it. Water is not found purely in nature, but it always contains some solutes, suspended matters and soluble gases. In this study, 11 bottled water brands (500 mL) were sampled across the Kashan city market to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and As) and evaluated their potential risks following consumption. The concentration range of Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and As were 5–34 μg/L, 1.5–7 μg/L, 1–7 μg/L, 2–29 μg/L, <LOD – 3.5 μg/L, respectively. The heavy metals (HMs) concentration in this study was compared with other national and international studies on bottled water and other drinking water sources. Additionally, the results of non-carcinogenic health risk assessments using point estimations and Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) showed that the concentration of HMs in none of the samples pose adverse health effects. However, it was found that drinking the studied bottled water may potentially lead to carcinogenicity over the lifetime. Lack of including spring water and larger-sized (1.5 L) bottled water samples, though less consumed than the samples of this study and lack of study on children's exposure level can be mentioned as potential limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:02:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a138e3fd6ec4d3f9172bd619ac2b3f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:02:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a138e3fd6ec4d3f9172bd619ac2b3f12023-10-30T06:06:53ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-10-01910e20647Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulationNezam Mirzaei0Safa Kalteh1Hakime Zamani-Badi2Heshmatallah Moradpour3Zeinab Parmoozeh4Mansour Baziar5Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Health, Safety and Environment Management, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Ferdows Faculty of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Corresponding author.Water is the most important non-organic compound for living cells, and the life of all living organisms depends on it. Water is not found purely in nature, but it always contains some solutes, suspended matters and soluble gases. In this study, 11 bottled water brands (500 mL) were sampled across the Kashan city market to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and As) and evaluated their potential risks following consumption. The concentration range of Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and As were 5–34 μg/L, 1.5–7 μg/L, 1–7 μg/L, 2–29 μg/L, <LOD – 3.5 μg/L, respectively. The heavy metals (HMs) concentration in this study was compared with other national and international studies on bottled water and other drinking water sources. Additionally, the results of non-carcinogenic health risk assessments using point estimations and Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) showed that the concentration of HMs in none of the samples pose adverse health effects. However, it was found that drinking the studied bottled water may potentially lead to carcinogenicity over the lifetime. Lack of including spring water and larger-sized (1.5 L) bottled water samples, though less consumed than the samples of this study and lack of study on children's exposure level can be mentioned as potential limitations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023078556Bottled waterHeavy metalsHuman risk assessmentKashan |
| spellingShingle | Nezam Mirzaei Safa Kalteh Hakime Zamani-Badi Heshmatallah Moradpour Zeinab Parmoozeh Mansour Baziar Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulation Heliyon Bottled water Heavy metals Human risk assessment Kashan |
| title | Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_full | Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_fullStr | Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_short | Estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using Monte Carlo simulation |
| title_sort | estimating human health risks associated with heavy metal exposure from bottled water using monte carlo simulation |
| topic | Bottled water Heavy metals Human risk assessment Kashan |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023078556 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nezammirzaei estimatinghumanhealthrisksassociatedwithheavymetalexposurefrombottledwaterusingmontecarlosimulation AT safakalteh estimatinghumanhealthrisksassociatedwithheavymetalexposurefrombottledwaterusingmontecarlosimulation AT hakimezamanibadi estimatinghumanhealthrisksassociatedwithheavymetalexposurefrombottledwaterusingmontecarlosimulation AT heshmatallahmoradpour estimatinghumanhealthrisksassociatedwithheavymetalexposurefrombottledwaterusingmontecarlosimulation AT zeinabparmoozeh estimatinghumanhealthrisksassociatedwithheavymetalexposurefrombottledwaterusingmontecarlosimulation AT mansourbaziar estimatinghumanhealthrisksassociatedwithheavymetalexposurefrombottledwaterusingmontecarlosimulation |