The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population
BackgroundThis study sought to illustrate whether urinary strontium levels were related to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States population.MethodsA total of 5,005 subjects were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016. Survey-weighted log...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1251232/full |
| _version_ | 1797687125828698112 |
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| author | Fenglian Zhang Na Hu Jiayue Li Ming Pu Xinchun Li Yuanmei Li Dan Liao |
| author_facet | Fenglian Zhang Na Hu Jiayue Li Ming Pu Xinchun Li Yuanmei Li Dan Liao |
| author_sort | Fenglian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThis study sought to illustrate whether urinary strontium levels were related to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States population.MethodsA total of 5,005 subjects were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016. Survey-weighted logistic regression analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots curve and stratified analyses were undertaken to explicate the correlation between urinary strontium and CKD.ResultsWith the increase of urinary strontium, the incidence rate of CKD and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) levels gradually decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels gradually increased. After controlling all confounders, only urinary strontium in the fourth quartile was correlated to a lower CKD prevalence (OR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.79) compared to the lowest quartile. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that urinary strontium was positively correlated with eGFR but negatively with UACR. RCS curve suggested a nonlinear relationship between urinary strontium and CKD (P for non-linearity <0.001). Stratified analyses indicated no significant difference in the correlation between urinary strontium and CKD among different subgroups.ConclusionUrinary strontium was strongly correlated with a low risk of CKD, and this association was non-linear among the US population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:13:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a1809c3344f49748acda3a4766c8147 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:13:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a1809c3344f49748acda3a4766c81472023-09-13T21:57:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652023-09-011110.3389/fpubh.2023.12512321251232The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States populationFenglian Zhang0Na Hu1Jiayue Li2Ming Pu3Xinchun Li4Yuanmei Li5Dan Liao6Department of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, ChinaChengdu Medical College, Chengdu, ChinaChengdu Medical College, Chengdu, ChinaNorth Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, ChinaDepartment of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, ChinaBackgroundThis study sought to illustrate whether urinary strontium levels were related to developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States population.MethodsA total of 5,005 subjects were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016. Survey-weighted logistic regression analysis, multivariate linear regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots curve and stratified analyses were undertaken to explicate the correlation between urinary strontium and CKD.ResultsWith the increase of urinary strontium, the incidence rate of CKD and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) levels gradually decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels gradually increased. After controlling all confounders, only urinary strontium in the fourth quartile was correlated to a lower CKD prevalence (OR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.79) compared to the lowest quartile. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that urinary strontium was positively correlated with eGFR but negatively with UACR. RCS curve suggested a nonlinear relationship between urinary strontium and CKD (P for non-linearity <0.001). Stratified analyses indicated no significant difference in the correlation between urinary strontium and CKD among different subgroups.ConclusionUrinary strontium was strongly correlated with a low risk of CKD, and this association was non-linear among the US population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1251232/fullchronic kidney diseaseheavy metalkidney functionNHANESurinary strontium |
| spellingShingle | Fenglian Zhang Na Hu Jiayue Li Ming Pu Xinchun Li Yuanmei Li Dan Liao The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population Frontiers in Public Health chronic kidney disease heavy metal kidney function NHANES urinary strontium |
| title | The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population |
| title_full | The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population |
| title_fullStr | The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population |
| title_full_unstemmed | The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population |
| title_short | The correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general United States population |
| title_sort | correlation of urinary strontium with the risk of chronic kidney disease among the general united states population |
| topic | chronic kidney disease heavy metal kidney function NHANES urinary strontium |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1251232/full |
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