Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Due to the limited availability of in-person interventions for caregivers, the development of effective programs that use new technologies to prevent depression is needed. The goal of this research was to assess the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for the prevention of depression, ad...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/18/5872 |
| _version_ | 1797579520137494528 |
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| author | Fernando L. Vázquez Vanessa Blanco Isabel Hita Ángela J. Torres Patricia Otero Mario Páramo Mar Salmerón |
| author_facet | Fernando L. Vázquez Vanessa Blanco Isabel Hita Ángela J. Torres Patricia Otero Mario Páramo Mar Salmerón |
| author_sort | Fernando L. Vázquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the limited availability of in-person interventions for caregivers, the development of effective programs that use new technologies to prevent depression is needed. The goal of this research was to assess the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for the prevention of depression, administered to nonprofessional caregivers through a smartphone application (app). One hundred and seventy-five caregivers were randomly assigned to either an app-based cognitive behavioral intervention (CBIA), the CBIA intervention plus a telephone conference call (CBIA + CC), or an attention control group (ACG). At post-intervention, the incidence of depression was lower in the CBIA and CBIA + CC compared to the ACG (1.7% and 0.0% vs. 7.9%, respectively). The absolute risk, relative risk, and number needed to treat compared to the ACG were 6.2%, 21.6%, and 16 for the CBIA, whilst they were 8%, 0.0%, and 13 for the CBIA + CC. Depressive symptomatology was significantly lower in the CBIA and CBIA + CC compared to the ACG (<i>d</i> = 0.84, Cliff’s <i>δ</i> = 0.49; <i>d</i> = 1.56, Cliff’s <i>δ</i> = 0.72), as well as in the CBIA + CC compared to the CBIA (<i>d</i> = 0.72, Cliff’s <i>δ</i> = 0.44). The prevention of depression was more likely in participants who received the CBIA, and adding the conference call in the CBIA + CC group improved the likelihood of this. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:37:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a23c35984e44ef0943d81bd633510be |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:37:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a23c35984e44ef0943d81bd633510be2023-11-19T11:18:34ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-09-011218587210.3390/jcm12185872Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled TrialFernando L. Vázquez0Vanessa Blanco1Isabel Hita2Ángela J. Torres3Patricia Otero4Mario Páramo5Mar Salmerón6Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rúa de San Francisco, s/n, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Studies, Campus de Elviña, s/n, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, SpainPsychiatry Service, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, R/ Ramón Baltar, s/n, Galician Health Service [SERGAS], 15706 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Rúa Xosé María Suárez Núñez, s/n, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, SpainDue to the limited availability of in-person interventions for caregivers, the development of effective programs that use new technologies to prevent depression is needed. The goal of this research was to assess the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for the prevention of depression, administered to nonprofessional caregivers through a smartphone application (app). One hundred and seventy-five caregivers were randomly assigned to either an app-based cognitive behavioral intervention (CBIA), the CBIA intervention plus a telephone conference call (CBIA + CC), or an attention control group (ACG). At post-intervention, the incidence of depression was lower in the CBIA and CBIA + CC compared to the ACG (1.7% and 0.0% vs. 7.9%, respectively). The absolute risk, relative risk, and number needed to treat compared to the ACG were 6.2%, 21.6%, and 16 for the CBIA, whilst they were 8%, 0.0%, and 13 for the CBIA + CC. Depressive symptomatology was significantly lower in the CBIA and CBIA + CC compared to the ACG (<i>d</i> = 0.84, Cliff’s <i>δ</i> = 0.49; <i>d</i> = 1.56, Cliff’s <i>δ</i> = 0.72), as well as in the CBIA + CC compared to the CBIA (<i>d</i> = 0.72, Cliff’s <i>δ</i> = 0.44). The prevention of depression was more likely in participants who received the CBIA, and adding the conference call in the CBIA + CC group improved the likelihood of this.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/18/5872depressionpreventionappsmartphonecaregivercognitive behavioral |
| spellingShingle | Fernando L. Vázquez Vanessa Blanco Isabel Hita Ángela J. Torres Patricia Otero Mario Páramo Mar Salmerón Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial Journal of Clinical Medicine depression prevention app smartphone caregiver cognitive behavioral |
| title | Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full | Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_short | Efficacy of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for the Prevention of Depression in Nonprofessional Caregivers Administered through a Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | efficacy of a cognitive behavioral intervention for the prevention of depression in nonprofessional caregivers administered through a smartphone app a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | depression prevention app smartphone caregiver cognitive behavioral |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/18/5872 |
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