Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience
Mainstream cognitive neuroscience aims to build mechanistic explanations of behavior by mapping abilities described at the organismal level via the subpersonal level of computation onto specific brain networks. We provide an integrative review of these commitments and their mismatch with empirical r...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903960/full |
| _version_ | 1828329591263985664 |
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| author | Matthieu M. de Wit Heath E. Matheson |
| author_facet | Matthieu M. de Wit Heath E. Matheson |
| author_sort | Matthieu M. de Wit |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mainstream cognitive neuroscience aims to build mechanistic explanations of behavior by mapping abilities described at the organismal level via the subpersonal level of computation onto specific brain networks. We provide an integrative review of these commitments and their mismatch with empirical research findings. Context-dependent neural tuning, neural reuse, degeneracy, plasticity, functional recovery, and the neural correlates of enculturated skills each show that there is a lack of stable mappings between organismal, computational, and neural levels of analysis. We furthermore highlight recent research suggesting that task context at the organismal level determines the dynamic parcellation of functional components at the neural level. Such instability prevents the establishment of specific computational descriptions of neural function, which remains a central goal of many brain mappers – including those who are sympathetic to the notion of many-to-many mappings between organismal and neural levels. This between-level instability presents a deep epistemological challenge and requires a reorientation of methodological and theoretical commitments within cognitive neuroscience. We demonstrate the need for change to brain mapping efforts in the face of instability if cognitive neuroscience is to maintain its central goal of constructing computational mechanistic explanations of behavior; we show that such explanations must be contextual at all levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T20:27:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a25757e0b8a46f888ed0e501914fc91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T20:27:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a25757e0b8a46f888ed0e501914fc912022-12-22T02:31:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782022-07-011310.3389/fpsyg.2022.903960903960Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscienceMatthieu M. de Wit0Heath E. Matheson1Department of Neuroscience, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, CanadaMainstream cognitive neuroscience aims to build mechanistic explanations of behavior by mapping abilities described at the organismal level via the subpersonal level of computation onto specific brain networks. We provide an integrative review of these commitments and their mismatch with empirical research findings. Context-dependent neural tuning, neural reuse, degeneracy, plasticity, functional recovery, and the neural correlates of enculturated skills each show that there is a lack of stable mappings between organismal, computational, and neural levels of analysis. We furthermore highlight recent research suggesting that task context at the organismal level determines the dynamic parcellation of functional components at the neural level. Such instability prevents the establishment of specific computational descriptions of neural function, which remains a central goal of many brain mappers – including those who are sympathetic to the notion of many-to-many mappings between organismal and neural levels. This between-level instability presents a deep epistemological challenge and requires a reorientation of methodological and theoretical commitments within cognitive neuroscience. We demonstrate the need for change to brain mapping efforts in the face of instability if cognitive neuroscience is to maintain its central goal of constructing computational mechanistic explanations of behavior; we show that such explanations must be contextual at all levels.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903960/fullcognitive neurosciencedegeneracyfunctional brain mappinglevels of analysismany-to-many mappingsmechanistic explanation |
| spellingShingle | Matthieu M. de Wit Heath E. Matheson Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience Frontiers in Psychology cognitive neuroscience degeneracy functional brain mapping levels of analysis many-to-many mappings mechanistic explanation |
| title | Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience |
| title_full | Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience |
| title_fullStr | Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience |
| title_full_unstemmed | Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience |
| title_short | Context-sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience |
| title_sort | context sensitive computational mechanistic explanation in cognitive neuroscience |
| topic | cognitive neuroscience degeneracy functional brain mapping levels of analysis many-to-many mappings mechanistic explanation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903960/full |
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