DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer
The sulphurous mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’, which is sited in NW Portugal, are famous for their long history as thermal baths dating back at least to the mid-sixteenth century. Because of the singularity of its water composition, especially the highest sulphur content, the mineral waters of ‘E...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/16/2448 |
| _version_ | 1797441289148432384 |
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| author | Vanessa Gonçalves Antonio Albuquerque Pedro G. Almeida Victor Cavaleiro |
| author_facet | Vanessa Gonçalves Antonio Albuquerque Pedro G. Almeida Victor Cavaleiro |
| author_sort | Vanessa Gonçalves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sulphurous mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’, which is sited in NW Portugal, are famous for their long history as thermal baths dating back at least to the mid-sixteenth century. Because of the singularity of its water composition, especially the highest sulphur content, the mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’ are one of the most important sulphurous waters in Portugal. Despite these mineral waters having a protection perimeter buffer zone to avoid water contamination, there are potentially damaging installations (e.g., fuel station) in the closed protection buffer zone that, according to existing law, are not permitted within the protection perimeters, which defeats the purpose of their delineation. A vulnerability map was created using geographic information system (GIS) tools based on multi-criteria analysis, combining thematic maps and parameters of the DRASTIC index, for evaluating the risk of contamination in the protection area. The results showed that within the perimeter, there was a low risk of pollution. The alluvium-covered terrain was vulnerable to moderate contamination, but it was far from the catchment point. Areas of minimal risk corresponded to locations where the granitic massif had not been significantly weathered. The map enables information collection for a better definition of local resource structures and planning, namely, for restricted areas emplacement where some activities should not be allowed (e.g., agriculture and water prospection), given its influence on the confined granitic aquifer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:21:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a2951169fc14f0eaa865f066e865ffd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:21:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a2951169fc14f0eaa865f066e865ffd2023-11-30T22:40:00ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-08-011416244810.3390/w14162448DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal AquiferVanessa Gonçalves0Antonio Albuquerque1Pedro G. Almeida2Victor Cavaleiro3Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Calcada Fonte do Lameiro 6, 6200-358 Covilha, PortugalDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Calcada Fonte do Lameiro 6, 6200-358 Covilha, PortugalDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Calcada Fonte do Lameiro 6, 6200-358 Covilha, PortugalDepartment of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Beira Interior, Calcada Fonte do Lameiro 6, 6200-358 Covilha, PortugalThe sulphurous mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’, which is sited in NW Portugal, are famous for their long history as thermal baths dating back at least to the mid-sixteenth century. Because of the singularity of its water composition, especially the highest sulphur content, the mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’ are one of the most important sulphurous waters in Portugal. Despite these mineral waters having a protection perimeter buffer zone to avoid water contamination, there are potentially damaging installations (e.g., fuel station) in the closed protection buffer zone that, according to existing law, are not permitted within the protection perimeters, which defeats the purpose of their delineation. A vulnerability map was created using geographic information system (GIS) tools based on multi-criteria analysis, combining thematic maps and parameters of the DRASTIC index, for evaluating the risk of contamination in the protection area. The results showed that within the perimeter, there was a low risk of pollution. The alluvium-covered terrain was vulnerable to moderate contamination, but it was far from the catchment point. Areas of minimal risk corresponded to locations where the granitic massif had not been significantly weathered. The map enables information collection for a better definition of local resource structures and planning, namely, for restricted areas emplacement where some activities should not be allowed (e.g., agriculture and water prospection), given its influence on the confined granitic aquifer.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/16/2448hydromineral resourcesgeographic information systemvulnerability mapprotection perimetersDRASTIC index |
| spellingShingle | Vanessa Gonçalves Antonio Albuquerque Pedro G. Almeida Victor Cavaleiro DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer Water hydromineral resources geographic information system vulnerability map protection perimeters DRASTIC index |
| title | DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer |
| title_full | DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer |
| title_fullStr | DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer |
| title_full_unstemmed | DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer |
| title_short | DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer |
| title_sort | drastic index gis based vulnerability map for the entre os rios thermal aquifer |
| topic | hydromineral resources geographic information system vulnerability map protection perimeters DRASTIC index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/16/2448 |
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