Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021
Objective. To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods. This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Pan American Health Organization
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/59323 |
| _version_ | 1797267255941136384 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniela Vaz Ferreira Gomez Wanessa da Silva de Almeida Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior Maria de Fátima Costa Lopes Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna Ivan Ricardo Zimmermann Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares Maria Margarita Urdaneta Gutierrez Célia Landmann Szwarcwald |
| author_facet | Daniela Vaz Ferreira Gomez Wanessa da Silva de Almeida Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior Maria de Fátima Costa Lopes Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna Ivan Ricardo Zimmermann Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares Maria Margarita Urdaneta Gutierrez Célia Landmann Szwarcwald |
| author_sort | Daniela Vaz Ferreira Gomez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil.
Methods. This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained.
Results. The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%.
Conclusions. The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:13:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a296b4c3ca14adc81989ef6f424fe08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1020-4989 1680-5348 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:13:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Pan American Health Organization |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a296b4c3ca14adc81989ef6f424fe082024-03-09T16:33:02ZengPan American Health OrganizationRevista Panamericana de Salud Pública1020-49891680-53482024-03-0148191910.26633/RPSP.2024.19rpspPrevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021Daniela Vaz Ferreira Gomez0Wanessa da Silva de Almeida1Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior2Maria de Fátima Costa Lopes3Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna4Ivan Ricardo Zimmermann5Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares6Maria Margarita Urdaneta Gutierrez7Célia Landmann Szwarcwald8Ministry of Health, Brasília, BrazilOswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilOswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilMinistry of Health, Brasília, BrazilUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversity of Brasília, Brasília, BrazilUniversity of Brasília, Brasília, BrazilUniversity of Brasília, Brasília, BrazilUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilObjective. To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods. This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained. Results. The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%. Conclusions. The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy.https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/59323trachomaneglected diseasesprevalencehealth surveysbrazil |
| spellingShingle | Daniela Vaz Ferreira Gomez Wanessa da Silva de Almeida Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior Maria de Fátima Costa Lopes Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna Ivan Ricardo Zimmermann Noemia Urruth Leão Tavares Maria Margarita Urdaneta Gutierrez Célia Landmann Szwarcwald Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021 Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública trachoma neglected diseases prevalence health surveys brazil |
| title | Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021 |
| title_full | Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021 |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021 |
| title_short | Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021 |
| title_sort | prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non indigenous areas northeastern brazil 2019 2021 |
| topic | trachoma neglected diseases prevalence health surveys brazil |
| url | https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/59323 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielavazferreiragomez prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT wanessadasilvadealmeida prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT paulorobertoborgesdesouzajunior prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT mariadefatimacostalopes prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT expeditojosedealbuquerqueluna prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT ivanricardozimmermann prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT noemiaurruthleaotavares prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT mariamargaritaurdanetagutierrez prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 AT celialandmannszwarcwald prevalenceoftrachomainindigenousandnonindigenousareasnortheasternbrazil20192021 |