Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASH
The dimmest and most numerous outlier of the Type Ia supernova population, the Type Iax event, is increasingly being found in the results of observational campaigns. There is currently no single accepted model to describe these events. This 2D study explores the viability of modeling Type Iax events...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf658 |
| _version_ | 1797393608757739520 |
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| author | Catherine Feldman Nathanael Gutierrez Ellis Eisenberg Donald E. Willcox Dean M. Townsley Alan C. Calder |
| author_facet | Catherine Feldman Nathanael Gutierrez Ellis Eisenberg Donald E. Willcox Dean M. Townsley Alan C. Calder |
| author_sort | Catherine Feldman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The dimmest and most numerous outlier of the Type Ia supernova population, the Type Iax event, is increasingly being found in the results of observational campaigns. There is currently no single accepted model to describe these events. This 2D study explores the viability of modeling Type Iax events as a hybrid C/O/Ne white dwarf progenitor undergoing a deflagration using the multiphysics software FLASH. This hybrid was created using the stellar evolution code MESA, and its C-depleted core and mixed structure have demonstrated lower yields than traditional C/O progenitors in previous deflagration-to-detonation studies. To generate a sample, 30 “realizations” of this simulation were performed, the only difference being the shape of the initial match head used to start the deflagration. Consistent with earlier work, these realizations produce the familiar hot dense bound remnant surrounded by sparse ejecta. Our results indicate that the majority of the star remains unburned (∼70%) and bound (>90%). Our realizations produce total ejecta yields on the order of 10 ^−2 –10 ^−1 M _☉ , ejected ^56 Ni yields on the order of 10 ^−4 –10 ^−2 M _☉ , and ejecta kinetic energies on the order of 10 ^48 –10 ^49 erg. Compared to yields inferred from recent observations of the dimmest Type Iax events—SN 2007qd, SN 2008ha, SN 2010ae, SN 2019gsc, SN 2019muj, SN 2020kyg, and SN 2021fcg—our simulation produces comparable ^56 Ni yields but too-small total yields and kinetic energies. Reignition of the remnant is also seen in some realizations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:05:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a2977b38edc4eda997e1e349b7f08f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:05:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a2977b38edc4eda997e1e349b7f08f12023-12-12T13:26:35ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01959211210.3847/1538-4357/acf658Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASHCatherine Feldman0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-4431Nathanael Gutierrez1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-7171Ellis Eisenberg2https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0974-1891Donald E. Willcox3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2300-5165Dean M. Townsley4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-5948Alan C. Calder5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-089XDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA ; catherine.feldman@stonybrook.edu; Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USASchool of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta , GA 30332, USAYale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USACenter for Computational Sciences and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley , CA 94720, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa , AL 35487-0324, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA ; catherine.feldman@stonybrook.edu; Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USAThe dimmest and most numerous outlier of the Type Ia supernova population, the Type Iax event, is increasingly being found in the results of observational campaigns. There is currently no single accepted model to describe these events. This 2D study explores the viability of modeling Type Iax events as a hybrid C/O/Ne white dwarf progenitor undergoing a deflagration using the multiphysics software FLASH. This hybrid was created using the stellar evolution code MESA, and its C-depleted core and mixed structure have demonstrated lower yields than traditional C/O progenitors in previous deflagration-to-detonation studies. To generate a sample, 30 “realizations” of this simulation were performed, the only difference being the shape of the initial match head used to start the deflagration. Consistent with earlier work, these realizations produce the familiar hot dense bound remnant surrounded by sparse ejecta. Our results indicate that the majority of the star remains unburned (∼70%) and bound (>90%). Our realizations produce total ejecta yields on the order of 10 ^−2 –10 ^−1 M _☉ , ejected ^56 Ni yields on the order of 10 ^−4 –10 ^−2 M _☉ , and ejecta kinetic energies on the order of 10 ^48 –10 ^49 erg. Compared to yields inferred from recent observations of the dimmest Type Iax events—SN 2007qd, SN 2008ha, SN 2010ae, SN 2019gsc, SN 2019muj, SN 2020kyg, and SN 2021fcg—our simulation produces comparable ^56 Ni yields but too-small total yields and kinetic energies. Reignition of the remnant is also seen in some realizations.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf658Type Ia supernovaeSupernova remnantsWhite dwarf starsHydrodynamical simulations |
| spellingShingle | Catherine Feldman Nathanael Gutierrez Ellis Eisenberg Donald E. Willcox Dean M. Townsley Alan C. Calder Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASH The Astrophysical Journal Type Ia supernovae Supernova remnants White dwarf stars Hydrodynamical simulations |
| title | Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASH |
| title_full | Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASH |
| title_fullStr | Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASH |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASH |
| title_short | Dimming the Lights: 2D Simulations of Deflagrations of Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs Using FLASH |
| title_sort | dimming the lights 2d simulations of deflagrations of hybrid c o ne white dwarfs using flash |
| topic | Type Ia supernovae Supernova remnants White dwarf stars Hydrodynamical simulations |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acf658 |
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