Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence Traits
Plant-based essential oils are promising anti-virulence agents against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen <i>Candida albicans</i>. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> (cinnamon) leaf and <i>Eugenia caryophyllus</i> (clo...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| author | Zinnat Shahina Ali Molaeitabari Taranum Sultana Tanya Elizabeth Susan Dahms |
| author_facet | Zinnat Shahina Ali Molaeitabari Taranum Sultana Tanya Elizabeth Susan Dahms |
| author_sort | Zinnat Shahina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant-based essential oils are promising anti-virulence agents against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen <i>Candida albicans</i>. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> (cinnamon) leaf and <i>Eugenia caryophyllus</i> (clove) flower bud essential oils revealed eugenol (73 and 75%, respectively) as their major component, with β-caryophyllene, eugenyl acetate, and α-humulene as common minor components. Cinnamon leaf and clove essential oils had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 600 and 500 µg/mL, respectively against the <i>C. albicans</i> RSY150 reference strain and 1000 and 750 µg/mL, respectively for the clinical reference strain ATCC 10231. The combined oils are additive (FICI = 0.72 ± 0.16) and synergistic (0.5 ± 0.0) against RSY150 and the clinical reference strain, respectively. Mycelial growth was inhibited by sublethal concentrations of either essential oil, which abolished colony growth. At half of the lowest combined lethal concentration for the two oils, the yeast-to-hyphal transition and mycelial growth was potently inhibited. Mutant strains <i>als1</i>Δ/Δ, <i>als3</i>Δ/Δ, <i>hwp1</i>Δ/<i>HWP1</i>+, and <i>efg1</i>Δ/Δ were sensitive to either or both oils, especially <i>efg1</i>Δ/Δ. In conclusion, oils of cinnamon leaf and clove and their combination significantly impact <i>C. albicans</i> virulence by inhibiting hyphal and mycelial growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:44:27Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:44:27Z |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a452a4a326440e491b413b7d4478a9b2023-11-24T01:26:35ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-10-011010198910.3390/microorganisms10101989Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence TraitsZinnat Shahina0Ali Molaeitabari1Taranum Sultana2Tanya Elizabeth Susan Dahms3Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, CanadaPlant-based essential oils are promising anti-virulence agents against the multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen <i>Candida albicans</i>. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> (cinnamon) leaf and <i>Eugenia caryophyllus</i> (clove) flower bud essential oils revealed eugenol (73 and 75%, respectively) as their major component, with β-caryophyllene, eugenyl acetate, and α-humulene as common minor components. Cinnamon leaf and clove essential oils had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 600 and 500 µg/mL, respectively against the <i>C. albicans</i> RSY150 reference strain and 1000 and 750 µg/mL, respectively for the clinical reference strain ATCC 10231. The combined oils are additive (FICI = 0.72 ± 0.16) and synergistic (0.5 ± 0.0) against RSY150 and the clinical reference strain, respectively. Mycelial growth was inhibited by sublethal concentrations of either essential oil, which abolished colony growth. At half of the lowest combined lethal concentration for the two oils, the yeast-to-hyphal transition and mycelial growth was potently inhibited. Mutant strains <i>als1</i>Δ/Δ, <i>als3</i>Δ/Δ, <i>hwp1</i>Δ/<i>HWP1</i>+, and <i>efg1</i>Δ/Δ were sensitive to either or both oils, especially <i>efg1</i>Δ/Δ. In conclusion, oils of cinnamon leaf and clove and their combination significantly impact <i>C. albicans</i> virulence by inhibiting hyphal and mycelial growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/10/1989antifungalsanti-virulence<i>Candida albicans</i><i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i><i>Eugenia caryophyllus</i>plant-based essential oils |
| spellingShingle | Zinnat Shahina Ali Molaeitabari Taranum Sultana Tanya Elizabeth Susan Dahms Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence Traits Microorganisms antifungals anti-virulence <i>Candida albicans</i> <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> <i>Eugenia caryophyllus</i> plant-based essential oils |
| title | Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence Traits |
| title_full | Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence Traits |
| title_fullStr | Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence Traits |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence Traits |
| title_short | Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence Traits |
| title_sort | cinnamon leaf and clove essential oils are potent inhibitors of i candida albicans i virulence traits |
| topic | antifungals anti-virulence <i>Candida albicans</i> <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> <i>Eugenia caryophyllus</i> plant-based essential oils |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/10/1989 |
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