Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain Axis
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in aging adults across the United States. Prior studies indicate that the presence of atherosclerosis, the pathogenic basis of CVD, is linked with dementias. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.030780 |
| _version_ | 1827592670474665984 |
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| author | Anum Saeed Oscar Lopez Ann Cohen Steven E. Reis |
| author_facet | Anum Saeed Oscar Lopez Ann Cohen Steven E. Reis |
| author_sort | Anum Saeed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in aging adults across the United States. Prior studies indicate that the presence of atherosclerosis, the pathogenic basis of CVD, is linked with dementias. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementias are a major public health challenge in the United States. Recent studies indicate that ≈3.7 million Americans ≥65 years of age had clinical AD in 2017, with projected increases to 9.3 million by 2060. Treatment options for AD remain limited. Development of disease‐modifying therapies are challenging due, in part, to the long preclinical window of AD. The preclinical incubation period of AD starts in midlife, providing a critical window for identification and optimization of AD risk factors. Studies link AD with CVD risk factors such as hypertension, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. Both AD and CVD are progressive diseases with decades‐long development periods. CVD can clinically manifest several years earlier than AD, making CVD and its risk factors a potential predictor of future AD. The current review focuses on the state of literature on molecular and metabolic pathways modulating the heart–brain axis underlying the potential association of midlife CVD risk factors and their effect on AD and related dementias. Further, we explore potential CVD/dementia preventive strategies during the window of opportunity in midlife and the future of research in the field in the multiomics and novel biomarker use era. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:58:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a45958ef6ea4d72a7708e135607fc7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:58:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a45958ef6ea4d72a7708e135607fc7c2023-12-08T11:09:10ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802023-11-01122110.1161/JAHA.123.030780Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain AxisAnum Saeed0Oscar Lopez1Ann Cohen2Steven E. Reis3University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USAUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USAUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USAUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USACardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in aging adults across the United States. Prior studies indicate that the presence of atherosclerosis, the pathogenic basis of CVD, is linked with dementias. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD‐related dementias are a major public health challenge in the United States. Recent studies indicate that ≈3.7 million Americans ≥65 years of age had clinical AD in 2017, with projected increases to 9.3 million by 2060. Treatment options for AD remain limited. Development of disease‐modifying therapies are challenging due, in part, to the long preclinical window of AD. The preclinical incubation period of AD starts in midlife, providing a critical window for identification and optimization of AD risk factors. Studies link AD with CVD risk factors such as hypertension, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. Both AD and CVD are progressive diseases with decades‐long development periods. CVD can clinically manifest several years earlier than AD, making CVD and its risk factors a potential predictor of future AD. The current review focuses on the state of literature on molecular and metabolic pathways modulating the heart–brain axis underlying the potential association of midlife CVD risk factors and their effect on AD and related dementias. Further, we explore potential CVD/dementia preventive strategies during the window of opportunity in midlife and the future of research in the field in the multiomics and novel biomarker use era.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.030780Alzheimer's diseaseatherosclerosiscardiac risk factorscardiovascular diseasecerebrovascular diseasedementia |
| spellingShingle | Anum Saeed Oscar Lopez Ann Cohen Steven E. Reis Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain Axis Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Alzheimer's disease atherosclerosis cardiac risk factors cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease dementia |
| title | Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain Axis |
| title_full | Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain Axis |
| title_fullStr | Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain Axis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain Axis |
| title_short | Cardiovascular Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: The Heart–Brain Axis |
| title_sort | cardiovascular disease and alzheimer s disease the heart brain axis |
| topic | Alzheimer's disease atherosclerosis cardiac risk factors cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular disease dementia |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.123.030780 |
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