Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates
Zooplankton grazers, like copepods, can feed on toxic microalgae and live normally. We hypothesize that gut microbial communities (GMCs) may contribute to the detoxification of the host by changing their compositions and recruiting more beneficial bacteria. Here, we measured the physiological respon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1368315/full |
| _version_ | 1827292661143306240 |
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| author | Jing Yang Zhimeng Xu Yi Chen Huo Xu Zuyuan Gao Xiaodong Zhang Mengwen Pang Shuwen Zhang Hongbin Liu Hongbin Liu |
| author_facet | Jing Yang Zhimeng Xu Yi Chen Huo Xu Zuyuan Gao Xiaodong Zhang Mengwen Pang Shuwen Zhang Hongbin Liu Hongbin Liu |
| author_sort | Jing Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zooplankton grazers, like copepods, can feed on toxic microalgae and live normally. We hypothesize that gut microbial communities (GMCs) may contribute to the detoxification of the host by changing their compositions and recruiting more beneficial bacteria. Here, we measured the physiological responses of two copepod species (Acartia sp. and Paracalanus sp.) fed with toxic (Alexandrium tamarense) and non-toxic (Alexandrium andersonii) dinoflagellates, respectively. Both copepods maintained consistently high survival rates but slightly reduced ingestion rates when feeding upon the toxic dinoflagellate (when compared to the non-toxic one), suggesting a compensatory mechanism. The compositional variation of copepod GMCs, at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level, was mostly significantly different among copepod host species (R = 0.83, by ANOSIM test), while diet type played minor but significant roles. Under the toxic diet, Acartia sp. enriched only five ASVs while Paracalanus sp. recruited a wide range of taxa (38 ASVs) mostly belonging to Alphaproteobacteria (e.g., Rhodobacteraceae) and Gammaproteobacteria (e.g., Alteromonadaceae). In contrast, when clustering GMCs by predicted functions, diet type was the key regulating factor, suggesting the functional convergence of copepod GMCs in response to algal toxins. This can be explained by the fact that most of the enriched bacteria under the toxic diet have similar functions on detoxification and maintaining the host homeostasis. This study deepens our understanding of the roles of GMC in the detoxification and adaptation mechanisms of copepods during harmful algal blooms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:09:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a54c8848a824460837b311ea27bd5a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:09:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a54c8848a824460837b311ea27bd5a52024-04-05T04:59:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-04-011110.3389/fmars.2024.13683151368315Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellatesJing Yang0Zhimeng Xu1Yi Chen2Huo Xu3Zuyuan Gao4Xiaodong Zhang5Mengwen Pang6Shuwen Zhang7Hongbin Liu8Hongbin Liu9Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaDepartment of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaHong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaZooplankton grazers, like copepods, can feed on toxic microalgae and live normally. We hypothesize that gut microbial communities (GMCs) may contribute to the detoxification of the host by changing their compositions and recruiting more beneficial bacteria. Here, we measured the physiological responses of two copepod species (Acartia sp. and Paracalanus sp.) fed with toxic (Alexandrium tamarense) and non-toxic (Alexandrium andersonii) dinoflagellates, respectively. Both copepods maintained consistently high survival rates but slightly reduced ingestion rates when feeding upon the toxic dinoflagellate (when compared to the non-toxic one), suggesting a compensatory mechanism. The compositional variation of copepod GMCs, at the amplicon sequence variant (ASV) level, was mostly significantly different among copepod host species (R = 0.83, by ANOSIM test), while diet type played minor but significant roles. Under the toxic diet, Acartia sp. enriched only five ASVs while Paracalanus sp. recruited a wide range of taxa (38 ASVs) mostly belonging to Alphaproteobacteria (e.g., Rhodobacteraceae) and Gammaproteobacteria (e.g., Alteromonadaceae). In contrast, when clustering GMCs by predicted functions, diet type was the key regulating factor, suggesting the functional convergence of copepod GMCs in response to algal toxins. This can be explained by the fact that most of the enriched bacteria under the toxic diet have similar functions on detoxification and maintaining the host homeostasis. This study deepens our understanding of the roles of GMC in the detoxification and adaptation mechanisms of copepods during harmful algal blooms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1368315/fullharmful algal bloomsdinoflagellatescopepodsgut microbesdetoxificationtoxic microalgae |
| spellingShingle | Jing Yang Zhimeng Xu Yi Chen Huo Xu Zuyuan Gao Xiaodong Zhang Mengwen Pang Shuwen Zhang Hongbin Liu Hongbin Liu Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates Frontiers in Marine Science harmful algal blooms dinoflagellates copepods gut microbes detoxification toxic microalgae |
| title | Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates |
| title_full | Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates |
| title_fullStr | Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates |
| title_short | Community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates |
| title_sort | community changes of gut microbes highlight their importance in the adaptation of copepods to toxic dinoflagellates |
| topic | harmful algal blooms dinoflagellates copepods gut microbes detoxification toxic microalgae |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1368315/full |
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