Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFs
Fluoride is present in several groundwaters due to natural or anthropogenic origins. Although it is necessary for physiological human functions (in small amounts, i.e., 0.5–1.2 mg/L), it could be very harmful when it exceeds the maximum permissible concentration limit of 1.5 mg/L (according to WHO)....
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/9/467 |
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| author | Athanasia K. Tolkou Anastasios I. Zouboulis |
| author_facet | Athanasia K. Tolkou Anastasios I. Zouboulis |
| author_sort | Athanasia K. Tolkou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluoride is present in several groundwaters due to natural or anthropogenic origins. Although it is necessary for physiological human functions (in small amounts, i.e., 0.5–1.2 mg/L), it could be very harmful when it exceeds the maximum permissible concentration limit of 1.5 mg/L (according to WHO). Among the numerous technologies for removing fluoride from waters, metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are considered to be promising adsorbents due to their advantages of high porosity, high specific surface area, diverse functions and easy modification. In this study, the synthesis of MOFs and the progress of their application to the removal of fluoride from contaminated water, as published in the recent literature mainly over the past five years, are reviewed. The adsorption mechanism(s) and its main characteristics, such as effect of initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time, adsorption capacity, thermodynamic and regeneration studies, etc., for the removal of fluoride with the addition of different MOFs are compared. According to these comparisons, the hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method is most commonly used for the preparation of MOFs, whereas higher BET surface areas are shown by specific MOFs based on aluminum metal ions. The main fluoride adsorption mechanisms were found to be electrostatic attraction and/or complexation. The most common pH for conducting experiments was 7.0, but several examined materials were found to be effective over a wide pH range. Four to six regeneration cycles were successfully applied on average, regarding the MOFs under review, whereas in the majority of these cases, the sorption process was found to be endothermic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:01:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a59f6c444d44e5d88fe90c8f5f959e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:01:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7a59f6c444d44e5d88fe90c8f5f959e22023-11-19T12:57:33ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-08-0110946710.3390/separations10090467Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFsAthanasia K. Tolkou0Anastasios I. Zouboulis1Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceFluoride is present in several groundwaters due to natural or anthropogenic origins. Although it is necessary for physiological human functions (in small amounts, i.e., 0.5–1.2 mg/L), it could be very harmful when it exceeds the maximum permissible concentration limit of 1.5 mg/L (according to WHO). Among the numerous technologies for removing fluoride from waters, metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are considered to be promising adsorbents due to their advantages of high porosity, high specific surface area, diverse functions and easy modification. In this study, the synthesis of MOFs and the progress of their application to the removal of fluoride from contaminated water, as published in the recent literature mainly over the past five years, are reviewed. The adsorption mechanism(s) and its main characteristics, such as effect of initial fluoride concentration, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time, adsorption capacity, thermodynamic and regeneration studies, etc., for the removal of fluoride with the addition of different MOFs are compared. According to these comparisons, the hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method is most commonly used for the preparation of MOFs, whereas higher BET surface areas are shown by specific MOFs based on aluminum metal ions. The main fluoride adsorption mechanisms were found to be electrostatic attraction and/or complexation. The most common pH for conducting experiments was 7.0, but several examined materials were found to be effective over a wide pH range. Four to six regeneration cycles were successfully applied on average, regarding the MOFs under review, whereas in the majority of these cases, the sorption process was found to be endothermic.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/9/467MOFsfluoride ions removaladsorption |
| spellingShingle | Athanasia K. Tolkou Anastasios I. Zouboulis Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFs Separations MOFs fluoride ions removal adsorption |
| title | Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFs |
| title_full | Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFs |
| title_fullStr | Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFs |
| title_short | Fluoride Removal from Water Sources by Adsorption on MOFs |
| title_sort | fluoride removal from water sources by adsorption on mofs |
| topic | MOFs fluoride ions removal adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/9/467 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT athanasiaktolkou fluorideremovalfromwatersourcesbyadsorptiononmofs AT anastasiosizouboulis fluorideremovalfromwatersourcesbyadsorptiononmofs |