Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors
Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to maintain population health. However, it can only be effective if widespread acceptance is held. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines depends on their favor. When countries start to vaccinate their citizens, there is a certain level of skepticism about the e...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/6/1052 |
| _version_ | 1797592444870590464 |
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| author | Eliza Sharma Subhra Mondal Subhankar Das Vasiliki G. Vrana |
| author_facet | Eliza Sharma Subhra Mondal Subhankar Das Vasiliki G. Vrana |
| author_sort | Eliza Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to maintain population health. However, it can only be effective if widespread acceptance is held. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines depends on their favor. When countries start to vaccinate their citizens, there is a certain level of skepticism about the effectiveness of the vaccines. The hesitancy study on vaccines has gained momentum following the pandemic. However, few studies have examined the link between the psychological and sociodemographic factors influencing the fit. This paper proposes integrating the concepts of the information systems success and stimulus–organism–response into a cognitive fit theory framework to explore the integration of psychological and sociodemographic factors in the receivers’ reactions (<i>n</i> = 1510). This study analyses the factors that influence the hesitancy of vaccines and the public’s refusal in Asia and Europe. Receivers’ reactions were assessed to various stimuli and we explored the link between psychological and sociodemographic elements and the concept of fit. Two surveys were conducted following the scale development of Mackenzie. The first was to develop the fit scale, while the second was to validate the fit scale. The results of the second survey were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the scale’s fit development is valid and reliable. The quality of the vaccine information, the psychological characteristics of the vaccine system, and vaccine receivers’ satisfaction are also beneficial factors for emotional and cognitive fit. Maintaining the vaccines’ quality and efficiency can help improve the fit between sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. It can also enhance receivers’ satisfaction and encourage continued vaccine administration. This study is regarded as one of the first to examine and develop an emotional and cognitive fit scale for practitioners and researchers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:51:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a5e3d4852cc4e3f8d45f40b7bab4214 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:51:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a5e3d4852cc4e3f8d45f40b7bab42142023-11-18T12:58:32ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-06-01116105210.3390/vaccines11061052Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological FactorsEliza Sharma0Subhra Mondal1Subhankar Das2Vasiliki G. Vrana3Symbiosis Institute of Business Management Bengaluru, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Karnataka 560100, IndiaThe Honors Programme, Department of Marketing, South Star Management Institute, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, VietnamThe Honors Programme, Department of Marketing, South Star Management Institute, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, VietnamDepartment of Business Administration, School of Economics and Administration, The Campus of Serres, International Hellenic University, 62124 Serres, GreeceVaccination is the most cost-effective way to maintain population health. However, it can only be effective if widespread acceptance is held. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines depends on their favor. When countries start to vaccinate their citizens, there is a certain level of skepticism about the effectiveness of the vaccines. The hesitancy study on vaccines has gained momentum following the pandemic. However, few studies have examined the link between the psychological and sociodemographic factors influencing the fit. This paper proposes integrating the concepts of the information systems success and stimulus–organism–response into a cognitive fit theory framework to explore the integration of psychological and sociodemographic factors in the receivers’ reactions (<i>n</i> = 1510). This study analyses the factors that influence the hesitancy of vaccines and the public’s refusal in Asia and Europe. Receivers’ reactions were assessed to various stimuli and we explored the link between psychological and sociodemographic elements and the concept of fit. Two surveys were conducted following the scale development of Mackenzie. The first was to develop the fit scale, while the second was to validate the fit scale. The results of the second survey were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the scale’s fit development is valid and reliable. The quality of the vaccine information, the psychological characteristics of the vaccine system, and vaccine receivers’ satisfaction are also beneficial factors for emotional and cognitive fit. Maintaining the vaccines’ quality and efficiency can help improve the fit between sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. It can also enhance receivers’ satisfaction and encourage continued vaccine administration. This study is regarded as one of the first to examine and develop an emotional and cognitive fit scale for practitioners and researchers.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/6/1052cognitive fitemotional fitpsychological factorssociodemographic elementsCOVID-19vaccine hesitancy |
| spellingShingle | Eliza Sharma Subhra Mondal Subhankar Das Vasiliki G. Vrana Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors Vaccines cognitive fit emotional fit psychological factors sociodemographic elements COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy |
| title | Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors |
| title_full | Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors |
| title_fullStr | Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors |
| title_short | Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors |
| title_sort | scale development for covid 19 vaccine hesitancy by integration of socio demographic and psychological factors |
| topic | cognitive fit emotional fit psychological factors sociodemographic elements COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/6/1052 |
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