Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes
The diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack of oxygen, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. How...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9433 |
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| author | Tatyana Baranova Ekaterina Podyacheva Tatyana Zemlyanukhina Dmitrii Berlov Maria Danilova Oleg Glotov Andrey Glotov |
| author_facet | Tatyana Baranova Ekaterina Podyacheva Tatyana Zemlyanukhina Dmitrii Berlov Maria Danilova Oleg Glotov Andrey Glotov |
| author_sort | Tatyana Baranova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack of oxygen, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. However, this is a poorly studied form of hypoxia, with a knowledge gap on physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms. The reflective sympathetic constriction of the resistive vessels is realized via ADRA1A. It has been shown that ADRA1A SNP (<i>p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101</i>) is associated with changes in tonus in vessel walls. Moreover, the Cys347 allele has been shown to regulate systolic blood pressure. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the ADRA1A polymorphism affected the pulmonary vascular reactions in men and women in response to the diving reflex. Men (<i>n</i> = 52) and women (<i>n</i> = 50) untrained in diving aged 18 to 25 were recruited into the study. The vascular reactions and blood flow were examined by integrated rheography and rheography of the pulmonary artery. Peripheral blood circulation was registered by plethysmography. The ADRA1A gene polymorphism (<i>p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101</i>) was determined by PCR-RFLP. In both men and women, reflective pulmonary vasodilation did occur in response to the diving reflex, but in women this vasodilation was more pronounced and was accompanied by a higher filling of the lungs with blood.. Additionally, ADRA1A SNP (<i>p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101</i>) is associated with sex. Interestingly, women with the Arg347 allele demonstrated the highest vasodilation of the lung vessels. Therefore, our data may help to indicate women with the most prominent adaptive reactions to the diving reflex. Our data also indicate that women and men with the Cys allele of the <i>ADRA1A</i> gene polymorphism have the highest risk of developing lung hypertension in response to the diving reflex. The diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack of oxygen, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. However, this is a poorly studied form of hypoxia, with a knowledge gap on physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:19:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a65f4397b474b34963709c94d55e17f |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:19:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a65f4397b474b34963709c94d55e17f2023-12-03T13:50:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012316943310.3390/ijms23169433Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A GenotypesTatyana Baranova0Ekaterina Podyacheva1Tatyana Zemlyanukhina2Dmitrii Berlov3Maria Danilova4Oleg Glotov5Andrey Glotov6Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaFaculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 191186 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott’s Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, RussiaThe diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack of oxygen, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. However, this is a poorly studied form of hypoxia, with a knowledge gap on physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms. The reflective sympathetic constriction of the resistive vessels is realized via ADRA1A. It has been shown that ADRA1A SNP (<i>p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101</i>) is associated with changes in tonus in vessel walls. Moreover, the Cys347 allele has been shown to regulate systolic blood pressure. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the ADRA1A polymorphism affected the pulmonary vascular reactions in men and women in response to the diving reflex. Men (<i>n</i> = 52) and women (<i>n</i> = 50) untrained in diving aged 18 to 25 were recruited into the study. The vascular reactions and blood flow were examined by integrated rheography and rheography of the pulmonary artery. Peripheral blood circulation was registered by plethysmography. The ADRA1A gene polymorphism (<i>p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101</i>) was determined by PCR-RFLP. In both men and women, reflective pulmonary vasodilation did occur in response to the diving reflex, but in women this vasodilation was more pronounced and was accompanied by a higher filling of the lungs with blood.. Additionally, ADRA1A SNP (<i>p.Arg347Cys; rs1048101</i>) is associated with sex. Interestingly, women with the Arg347 allele demonstrated the highest vasodilation of the lung vessels. Therefore, our data may help to indicate women with the most prominent adaptive reactions to the diving reflex. Our data also indicate that women and men with the Cys allele of the <i>ADRA1A</i> gene polymorphism have the highest risk of developing lung hypertension in response to the diving reflex. The diving reflex is an oxygen-saving mechanism which is accompanied by apnea, reflex bradycardia development, peripheral vasoconstriction, spleen erythrocyte release, and selective redistribution of blood flow to the organs most vulnerable to lack of oxygen, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. However, this is a poorly studied form of hypoxia, with a knowledge gap on physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9433diving reflexpolymorphism <i>Arg347 ADRA1A (rs1048101)</i>sexual dimorphism in humanpulmonary blood flowpulmonary vascular tonevasoconstriction |
| spellingShingle | Tatyana Baranova Ekaterina Podyacheva Tatyana Zemlyanukhina Dmitrii Berlov Maria Danilova Oleg Glotov Andrey Glotov Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes International Journal of Molecular Sciences diving reflex polymorphism <i>Arg347 ADRA1A (rs1048101)</i> sexual dimorphism in human pulmonary blood flow pulmonary vascular tone vasoconstriction |
| title | Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes |
| title_full | Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes |
| title_short | Vascular Reactions of the Diving Reflex in Men and Women Carrying Different ADRA1A Genotypes |
| title_sort | vascular reactions of the diving reflex in men and women carrying different adra1a genotypes |
| topic | diving reflex polymorphism <i>Arg347 ADRA1A (rs1048101)</i> sexual dimorphism in human pulmonary blood flow pulmonary vascular tone vasoconstriction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9433 |
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