Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia
Vitex rotundifolia is an important coastal and medicinal plant, and is recorded in the List of the Important Wild Plants for Conservation in China and Japan. However, an effective conservation strategy is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed usi...
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PeerJ Inc.
2019-01-01
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| author | Yiqi Sun Hong Yang Qiaoyan Zhang Luping Qin Pan Li Joongku Lee Shichao Chen Khalid Rahman Tingguo Kang Min Jia |
| author_facet | Yiqi Sun Hong Yang Qiaoyan Zhang Luping Qin Pan Li Joongku Lee Shichao Chen Khalid Rahman Tingguo Kang Min Jia |
| author_sort | Yiqi Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitex rotundifolia is an important coastal and medicinal plant, and is recorded in the List of the Important Wild Plants for Conservation in China and Japan. However, an effective conservation strategy is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using phylogeographical methods based on the trnH-psbA and trnG-trnS intergenic spacers of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences from 157 individuals from 25 sampling sites for V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia plus the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences of 177 individuals from 27 sampling sites. The results showed that V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia had eight cpDNA and two nrDNA haplotypes, respectively, and the V. rotundifolia has a low level of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity hd,cp = 0.360, hd,nr = 0.440), a more pronounced genetic differentiation among populations (population differentiation at the species level (GST) = 0.201, population differentiation at the allele level (NST) = 0.462), and an insignificantly different phylogeographical structure (NST > GST, P > 0.05). In addition, haplotype network analyses indicated that V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia have distinct haplotypes. Divergence dating based on BEAST software analyses showed that most cpDNA clades diverged in the late Pleistocene era. Demographic analysis indicated that V. rotundifolia underwent a rapid demographic expansion. Some scientific strategies are suggested for resource conservation of V. rotundifolia based on its genetic diversity and population structure. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7a698d40a7d84384a7c4fecb844f14c52023-12-03T09:51:28ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592019-01-017e619410.7717/peerj.6194Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East AsiaYiqi Sun0Hong Yang1Qiaoyan Zhang2Luping Qin3Pan Li4Joongku Lee5Shichao Chen6Khalid Rahman7Tingguo Kang8Min Jia9College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South KoreaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, ChinaVitex rotundifolia is an important coastal and medicinal plant, and is recorded in the List of the Important Wild Plants for Conservation in China and Japan. However, an effective conservation strategy is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using phylogeographical methods based on the trnH-psbA and trnG-trnS intergenic spacers of the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences from 157 individuals from 25 sampling sites for V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia plus the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequences of 177 individuals from 27 sampling sites. The results showed that V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia had eight cpDNA and two nrDNA haplotypes, respectively, and the V. rotundifolia has a low level of genetic diversity (haplotype diversity hd,cp = 0.360, hd,nr = 0.440), a more pronounced genetic differentiation among populations (population differentiation at the species level (GST) = 0.201, population differentiation at the allele level (NST) = 0.462), and an insignificantly different phylogeographical structure (NST > GST, P > 0.05). In addition, haplotype network analyses indicated that V. rotundifolia and V. trifolia have distinct haplotypes. Divergence dating based on BEAST software analyses showed that most cpDNA clades diverged in the late Pleistocene era. Demographic analysis indicated that V. rotundifolia underwent a rapid demographic expansion. Some scientific strategies are suggested for resource conservation of V. rotundifolia based on its genetic diversity and population structure.https://peerj.com/articles/6194.pdfVitex trifoliacpDNAPhylogeographyVitex rotundifolianrDNA |
| spellingShingle | Yiqi Sun Hong Yang Qiaoyan Zhang Luping Qin Pan Li Joongku Lee Shichao Chen Khalid Rahman Tingguo Kang Min Jia Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia PeerJ Vitex trifolia cpDNA Phylogeography Vitex rotundifolia nrDNA |
| title | Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia |
| title_full | Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia |
| title_fullStr | Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia |
| title_short | Genetic diversity and its conservation implications of Vitex rotundifolia (Lamiaceae) populations in East Asia |
| title_sort | genetic diversity and its conservation implications of vitex rotundifolia lamiaceae populations in east asia |
| topic | Vitex trifolia cpDNA Phylogeography Vitex rotundifolia nrDNA |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/6194.pdf |
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