Serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is increased in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and persists despite anti-TNF treatment

Serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is increased in patients with active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and persists despite anti-TNF treatment

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence supports the role of monocytes and neutrophils in radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a growth factor for both leukocyte lineages and a pro-inflammatory cytokine activating myeloid cells and promoting os...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Charalampos Papagoras, Styliani Tsiami, Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou, Ioannis Mitroulis, Xenofon Baraliakos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2022-08-01
Series:Arthritis Research & Therapy
Subjects:
Radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor
Neutrophils
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-022-02888-6

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