Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age
IntroductionAn imbalance in angiotensin (Ang) peptides could contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) and poor fetal growth.MethodsWe measured maternal plasma levels of Ang peptides and converting enzymes in non-pregnant women (n = 10), in normal pregnant women (n = 59), women deliveri...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.590787/full |
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| author | Sonia Tamanna Sonia Tamanna Sonia Tamanna Vicki L. Clifton Vicki L. Clifton Kym Rae Dirk F. van Helden Eugenie R. Lumbers Eugenie R. Lumbers Eugenie R. Lumbers Kirsty G. Pringle Kirsty G. Pringle Kirsty G. Pringle |
| author_facet | Sonia Tamanna Sonia Tamanna Sonia Tamanna Vicki L. Clifton Vicki L. Clifton Kym Rae Dirk F. van Helden Eugenie R. Lumbers Eugenie R. Lumbers Eugenie R. Lumbers Kirsty G. Pringle Kirsty G. Pringle Kirsty G. Pringle |
| author_sort | Sonia Tamanna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionAn imbalance in angiotensin (Ang) peptides could contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) and poor fetal growth.MethodsWe measured maternal plasma levels of Ang peptides and converting enzymes in non-pregnant women (n = 10), in normal pregnant women (n = 59), women delivering small for gestational age babies (SGA, n = 25) across gestation (13–36 weeks) and in women with PE (n = 14) in their third trimester.ResultsPlasma ACE, ACE2, and Ang-(1-7) levels, and ACE2 activity were significantly higher in normal pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women; neprilysin (NEP) levels were not changed. In SGA pregnancies, ACE and ACE2 levels were higher in early-mid pregnancy compared with normal pregnant women. In women with PE, plasma ACE, ACE2, NEP, and Ang-(1-7) levels and ACE2 activity were lower than levels in normal pregnant women.ConclusionThe higher plasma ACE2 levels and activity in pregnancy could be driving the higher Ang-(1-7) levels. The early gestation increases in ACE and ACE2 levels in SGA pregnancies highlights the possibility that these enzymes could be used as potential early biomarkers of poor fetal growth. In women with PE, the reduced ACE2 and NEP levels at term, could be contributing to the reduction in Ang-(1-7) levels. These findings suggest that dysfunctional relationships between two key enzymes in the circulating RAS are involved in the pathogenesis of PE and SGA. Since soluble ACE2 can prevent binding of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, to membrane bound ACE2, the interplay between ACE2 and the coronavirus and its impact in pregnancy requires further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:12:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a770936bd464895ae9a007a91dcbd98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T16:12:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a770936bd464895ae9a007a91dcbd982022-12-22T01:42:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2020-09-011110.3389/fphys.2020.590787590787Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational AgeSonia Tamanna0Sonia Tamanna1Sonia Tamanna2Vicki L. Clifton3Vicki L. Clifton4Kym Rae5Dirk F. van Helden6Eugenie R. Lumbers7Eugenie R. Lumbers8Eugenie R. Lumbers9Kirsty G. Pringle10Kirsty G. Pringle11Kirsty G. Pringle12Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaPregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaRobinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AustraliaMater Medical Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaMater Medical Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaPriority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaPregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaPriority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaPregnancy and Reproduction Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaIntroductionAn imbalance in angiotensin (Ang) peptides could contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE) and poor fetal growth.MethodsWe measured maternal plasma levels of Ang peptides and converting enzymes in non-pregnant women (n = 10), in normal pregnant women (n = 59), women delivering small for gestational age babies (SGA, n = 25) across gestation (13–36 weeks) and in women with PE (n = 14) in their third trimester.ResultsPlasma ACE, ACE2, and Ang-(1-7) levels, and ACE2 activity were significantly higher in normal pregnant women compared with non-pregnant women; neprilysin (NEP) levels were not changed. In SGA pregnancies, ACE and ACE2 levels were higher in early-mid pregnancy compared with normal pregnant women. In women with PE, plasma ACE, ACE2, NEP, and Ang-(1-7) levels and ACE2 activity were lower than levels in normal pregnant women.ConclusionThe higher plasma ACE2 levels and activity in pregnancy could be driving the higher Ang-(1-7) levels. The early gestation increases in ACE and ACE2 levels in SGA pregnancies highlights the possibility that these enzymes could be used as potential early biomarkers of poor fetal growth. In women with PE, the reduced ACE2 and NEP levels at term, could be contributing to the reduction in Ang-(1-7) levels. These findings suggest that dysfunctional relationships between two key enzymes in the circulating RAS are involved in the pathogenesis of PE and SGA. Since soluble ACE2 can prevent binding of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, to membrane bound ACE2, the interplay between ACE2 and the coronavirus and its impact in pregnancy requires further investigation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.590787/fullangiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)angiotensin peptidespreeclampsiapregnancysmall for gestational age |
| spellingShingle | Sonia Tamanna Sonia Tamanna Sonia Tamanna Vicki L. Clifton Vicki L. Clifton Kym Rae Dirk F. van Helden Eugenie R. Lumbers Eugenie R. Lumbers Eugenie R. Lumbers Kirsty G. Pringle Kirsty G. Pringle Kirsty G. Pringle Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age Frontiers in Physiology angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) angiotensin peptides preeclampsia pregnancy small for gestational age |
| title | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age |
| title_full | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age |
| title_fullStr | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age |
| title_full_unstemmed | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age |
| title_short | Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age |
| title_sort | angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ace2 in pregnancy preeclampsia and small for gestational age |
| topic | angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) angiotensin peptides preeclampsia pregnancy small for gestational age |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.590787/full |
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