Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000
Gamma rays from HESS J1849−000, a middle-aged TeV pulsar wind nebula (PWN), are observed by the Tibet air shower array and the muon detector array. The detection significance of gamma rays reaches 4.0 σ and 4.4 σ levels above 25 TeV and 100 TeV, respectively, in units of the Gaussian standard deviat...
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| Format: | Article |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acebce |
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| author | M. Amenomori S. Asano Y. W. Bao X. J. Bi D. Chen T. L. Chen W. Y. Chen Xu Chen Y. Chen Cirennima S. W. Cui Danzengluobu L. K. Ding J. H. Fang K. Fang C. F. Feng Zhaoyang Feng Z. Y. Feng Qi Gao A. Gomi Q. B. Gou Y. Q. Guo Y. Y. Guo Y. Hayashi H. H. He Z. T. He K. Hibino N. Hotta Haibing Hu H. B. Hu K. Y. Hu J. Huang H. Y. Jia L. Jiang P. Jiang H. B. Jin K. Kasahara Y. Katayose C. Kato S. Kato I. Kawahara T. Kawashima K. Kawata M. Kozai D. Kurashige Labaciren G. M. Le A. F. Li H. J. Li W. J. Li Y. Li Y. H. Lin B. Liu C. Liu J. S. Liu L. Y. Liu M. Y. Liu W. Liu H. Lu X. R. Meng Y. Meng K. Munakata K. Nagaya Y. Nakamura Y. Nakazawa H. Nanjo C. C. Ning M. Nishizawa R. Noguchi M. Ohnishi S. Okukawa S. Ozawa X. Qian X. L. Qian X. B. Qu T. Saito Y. Sakakibara M. Sakata T. Sako T. K. Sako T. Sasaki J. Shao M. Shibata A. Shiomi H. Sugimoto W. Takano M. Takita Y. H. Tan N. Tateyama S. Torii H. Tsuchiya S. Udo H. Wang S. F. Wang Y. P. Wang Wangdui H. R. Wu Q. Wu J. L. Xu L. Xue Z. Yang Y. Q. Yao J. Yin Y. Yokoe Y. L. Yu A. F. Yuan L. M. Zhai H. M. Zhang J. L. Zhang X. Zhang X. Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Yi Zhang Ying Zhang S. P. Zhao Zhaxisangzhu X. X. Zhou Y. H. Zou |
| author_facet | M. Amenomori S. Asano Y. W. Bao X. J. Bi D. Chen T. L. Chen W. Y. Chen Xu Chen Y. Chen Cirennima S. W. Cui Danzengluobu L. K. Ding J. H. Fang K. Fang C. F. Feng Zhaoyang Feng Z. Y. Feng Qi Gao A. Gomi Q. B. Gou Y. Q. Guo Y. Y. Guo Y. Hayashi H. H. He Z. T. He K. Hibino N. Hotta Haibing Hu H. B. Hu K. Y. Hu J. Huang H. Y. Jia L. Jiang P. Jiang H. B. Jin K. Kasahara Y. Katayose C. Kato S. Kato I. Kawahara T. Kawashima K. Kawata M. Kozai D. Kurashige Labaciren G. M. Le A. F. Li H. J. Li W. J. Li Y. Li Y. H. Lin B. Liu C. Liu J. S. Liu L. Y. Liu M. Y. Liu W. Liu H. Lu X. R. Meng Y. Meng K. Munakata K. Nagaya Y. Nakamura Y. Nakazawa H. Nanjo C. C. Ning M. Nishizawa R. Noguchi M. Ohnishi S. Okukawa S. Ozawa X. Qian X. L. Qian X. B. Qu T. Saito Y. Sakakibara M. Sakata T. Sako T. K. Sako T. Sasaki J. Shao M. Shibata A. Shiomi H. Sugimoto W. Takano M. Takita Y. H. Tan N. Tateyama S. Torii H. Tsuchiya S. Udo H. Wang S. F. Wang Y. P. Wang Wangdui H. R. Wu Q. Wu J. L. Xu L. Xue Z. Yang Y. Q. Yao J. Yin Y. Yokoe Y. L. Yu A. F. Yuan L. M. Zhai H. M. Zhang J. L. Zhang X. Zhang X. Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Yi Zhang Ying Zhang S. P. Zhao Zhaxisangzhu X. X. Zhou Y. H. Zou |
| author_sort | M. Amenomori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gamma rays from HESS J1849−000, a middle-aged TeV pulsar wind nebula (PWN), are observed by the Tibet air shower array and the muon detector array. The detection significance of gamma rays reaches 4.0 σ and 4.4 σ levels above 25 TeV and 100 TeV, respectively, in units of the Gaussian standard deviation σ . The energy spectrum measured between 40 TeV < E < 320 TeV for the first time is described with a simple power-law function of ${dN}/{dE}={(2.86\pm 1.44)\times {10}^{-16}(E/40\,\mathrm{TeV})}^{-2.24\pm 0.41}\,{\mathrm{TeV}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$ . The gamma-ray energy spectrum from the sub-TeV ( E < 1 TeV) to sub-PeV (100 TeV < E < 1 PeV) ranges, including the results of previous studies, can be modeled with the leptonic scenario, i.e., inverse Compton scattering by high-energy electrons accelerated by the PWN of PSR J1849−0001. On the other hand, the gamma-ray energy spectrum can also be modeled with the hadronic scenario in which gamma rays are generated from the decay of neutral pions produced by collisions between accelerated cosmic-ray protons and the ambient molecular cloud found in the gamma-ray-emitting region. The cutoff energy of cosmic-ray protons E _p,cut is estimated as ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}({E}_{{\rm{p}},\mathrm{cut}}/\mathrm{TeV})={3.73}_{-0.66}^{+2.98}$ , suggesting that protons are accelerated up to the PeV energy range. Our study thus proposes that HESS J1849−000 should be further investigated as a new candidate as a Galactic PeV cosmic-ray accelerator, or “PeVatron.” |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:03:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a77e778cd2e4df1ac5af5dc59b2f8c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:03:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a77e778cd2e4df1ac5af5dc59b2f8c22023-09-07T09:12:10ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01954220010.3847/1538-4357/acebceObservation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000M. Amenomori0S. Asano1Y. W. Bao2X. J. Bi3D. Chen4T. L. Chen5W. Y. Chen6Xu Chen7Y. Chen8Cirennima9S. W. Cui10Danzengluobu11L. K. Ding12J. H. Fang13K. Fang14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-349XC. F. Feng15Zhaoyang Feng16Z. Y. Feng17Qi Gao18https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-0677A. Gomi19Q. B. Gou20Y. Q. Guo21https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-9619Y. Y. Guo22Y. Hayashi23H. H. He24Z. T. He25K. Hibino26N. Hotta27Haibing Hu28H. B. Hu29K. Y. Hu30J. Huang31H. Y. Jia32L. Jiang33P. Jiang34H. B. Jin35K. Kasahara36Y. Katayose37C. Kato38S. Kato39https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1043-2803I. Kawahara40T. Kawashima41K. Kawata42https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-2005M. Kozai43D. Kurashige44Labaciren45G. M. Le46A. F. Li47H. J. Li48W. J. Li49Y. Li50Y. H. Lin51B. Liu52C. Liu53J. S. Liu54L. Y. Liu55M. Y. Liu56W. Liu57H. Lu58X. R. Meng59Y. Meng60K. Munakata61K. Nagaya62Y. Nakamura63Y. Nakazawa64H. Nanjo65C. C. Ning66M. Nishizawa67R. Noguchi68M. Ohnishi69S. Okukawa70S. Ozawa71X. Qian72X. L. Qian73X. B. Qu74T. Saito75Y. Sakakibara76M. Sakata77T. Sako78https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-6493T. K. Sako79T. Sasaki80J. Shao81M. Shibata82A. Shiomi83H. Sugimoto84W. Takano85M. Takita86Y. H. Tan87N. Tateyama88S. Torii89H. Tsuchiya90S. Udo91H. Wang92S. F. Wang93Y. P. Wang94Wangdui95H. R. Wu96Q. Wu97J. L. Xu98L. Xue99Z. Yang100Y. Q. Yao101J. Yin102Y. Yokoe103Y. L. Yu104A. F. Yuan105L. M. Zhai106H. M. Zhang107J. L. Zhang108X. Zhang109X. Y. Zhang110Y. Zhang111Yi Zhang112Ying Zhang113S. P. Zhao114Zhaxisangzhu115X. X. Zhou116Y. H. Zou117Department of Physics, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanDepartment of Physics, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, JapanSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050016, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University , Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnInstitute of Modern Physics , SouthWest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnDepartment of Physics, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, JapanKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnDepartment of Physics, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang 050016, People's Republic of ChinaFaculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University , Yokohama 221-8686, JapanFaculty of Education, Utsunomiya University , Utsunomiya 321-8505, JapanDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnInstitute of Modern Physics , SouthWest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaFaculty of Systems Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology , Omiya 330-8570, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanDepartment of Physics, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, JapanInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpPolar Environment Data Science Center, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems , Tachikawa 190-0014, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaNational Center for Space Weather, China Meteorological Administration , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University , Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China; School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture University , Taian 271018, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; Institute of Modern Physics , SouthWest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpCollege of Industrial Technology, Nihon University , Narashino 275-8575, JapanDepartment of Physics, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki 036-8561, JapanDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaNational Institute of Informatics , Tokyo 101-8430, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanNational Institute of Information and Communications Technology , Tokyo 184-8795, JapanNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shangdong Management University , Jinan 250357, People's Republic of ChinaCollege of Science, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266555, People's Republic of ChinaTokyo Metropolitan College of Industrial Technology , Tokyo 116-8523, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanDepartment of Physics, Konan University , Kobe 658-8501, JapanInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpFaculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University , Yokohama 221-8686, JapanKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University , Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of ChinaFaculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501, JapanCollege of Industrial Technology, Nihon University , Narashino 275-8575, JapanShonan Institute of Technology , Fujisawa 251-8511, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University , Yokohama 221-8686, JapanInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnFaculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University , Yokohama 221-8686, JapanResearch Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University , Tokyo 162-0044, JapanJapan Atomic Energy Agency , Tokai-mura 319-1195, JapanFaculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University , Yokohama 221-8686, JapanKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University , Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan ; katosei@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp, takita@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jpKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100012, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University , Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210034, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cnDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, Tibet University , Lhasa 850000, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Modern Physics , SouthWest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China ; hukongyi@ihep.ac.cn, huangjing@ihep.ac.cn; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaGamma rays from HESS J1849−000, a middle-aged TeV pulsar wind nebula (PWN), are observed by the Tibet air shower array and the muon detector array. The detection significance of gamma rays reaches 4.0 σ and 4.4 σ levels above 25 TeV and 100 TeV, respectively, in units of the Gaussian standard deviation σ . The energy spectrum measured between 40 TeV < E < 320 TeV for the first time is described with a simple power-law function of ${dN}/{dE}={(2.86\pm 1.44)\times {10}^{-16}(E/40\,\mathrm{TeV})}^{-2.24\pm 0.41}\,{\mathrm{TeV}}^{-1}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$ . The gamma-ray energy spectrum from the sub-TeV ( E < 1 TeV) to sub-PeV (100 TeV < E < 1 PeV) ranges, including the results of previous studies, can be modeled with the leptonic scenario, i.e., inverse Compton scattering by high-energy electrons accelerated by the PWN of PSR J1849−0001. On the other hand, the gamma-ray energy spectrum can also be modeled with the hadronic scenario in which gamma rays are generated from the decay of neutral pions produced by collisions between accelerated cosmic-ray protons and the ambient molecular cloud found in the gamma-ray-emitting region. The cutoff energy of cosmic-ray protons E _p,cut is estimated as ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}({E}_{{\rm{p}},\mathrm{cut}}/\mathrm{TeV})={3.73}_{-0.66}^{+2.98}$ , suggesting that protons are accelerated up to the PeV energy range. Our study thus proposes that HESS J1849−000 should be further investigated as a new candidate as a Galactic PeV cosmic-ray accelerator, or “PeVatron.”https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acebceGalactic cosmic raysPulsar wind nebulaeGamma-ray sourcesGamma-ray astronomyGamma-ray observatories |
| spellingShingle | M. Amenomori S. Asano Y. W. Bao X. J. Bi D. Chen T. L. Chen W. Y. Chen Xu Chen Y. Chen Cirennima S. W. Cui Danzengluobu L. K. Ding J. H. Fang K. Fang C. F. Feng Zhaoyang Feng Z. Y. Feng Qi Gao A. Gomi Q. B. Gou Y. Q. Guo Y. Y. Guo Y. Hayashi H. H. He Z. T. He K. Hibino N. Hotta Haibing Hu H. B. Hu K. Y. Hu J. Huang H. Y. Jia L. Jiang P. Jiang H. B. Jin K. Kasahara Y. Katayose C. Kato S. Kato I. Kawahara T. Kawashima K. Kawata M. Kozai D. Kurashige Labaciren G. M. Le A. F. Li H. J. Li W. J. Li Y. Li Y. H. Lin B. Liu C. Liu J. S. Liu L. Y. Liu M. Y. Liu W. Liu H. Lu X. R. Meng Y. Meng K. Munakata K. Nagaya Y. Nakamura Y. Nakazawa H. Nanjo C. C. Ning M. Nishizawa R. Noguchi M. Ohnishi S. Okukawa S. Ozawa X. Qian X. L. Qian X. B. Qu T. Saito Y. Sakakibara M. Sakata T. Sako T. K. Sako T. Sasaki J. Shao M. Shibata A. Shiomi H. Sugimoto W. Takano M. Takita Y. H. Tan N. Tateyama S. Torii H. Tsuchiya S. Udo H. Wang S. F. Wang Y. P. Wang Wangdui H. R. Wu Q. Wu J. L. Xu L. Xue Z. Yang Y. Q. Yao J. Yin Y. Yokoe Y. L. Yu A. F. Yuan L. M. Zhai H. M. Zhang J. L. Zhang X. Zhang X. Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Yi Zhang Ying Zhang S. P. Zhao Zhaxisangzhu X. X. Zhou Y. H. Zou Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000 The Astrophysical Journal Galactic cosmic rays Pulsar wind nebulae Gamma-ray sources Gamma-ray astronomy Gamma-ray observatories |
| title | Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000 |
| title_full | Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000 |
| title_fullStr | Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000 |
| title_short | Observation of Gamma Rays up to 320 TeV from the Middle-aged TeV Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1849−000 |
| title_sort | observation of gamma rays up to 320 tev from the middle aged tev pulsar wind nebula hess j1849 000 |
| topic | Galactic cosmic rays Pulsar wind nebulae Gamma-ray sources Gamma-ray astronomy Gamma-ray observatories |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acebce |
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