Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse Gases
Pollution and global warming are a few of the many reasons for environmental problems, due to industrial wastes and greenhouse gases, hence there are efforts to bring down such emissions to reduce pollution and combat global warming. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles are green synthesiz...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/9/2845 |
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| author | Kiran Kavalli Gurumoorthy S. Hebbar Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha Syed Farooq Adil Mujeeb Khan Mohammad Rafe Hatshan Adibah Mukhlid Almutairi Baji Shaik |
| author_facet | Kiran Kavalli Gurumoorthy S. Hebbar Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha Syed Farooq Adil Mujeeb Khan Mohammad Rafe Hatshan Adibah Mukhlid Almutairi Baji Shaik |
| author_sort | Kiran Kavalli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pollution and global warming are a few of the many reasons for environmental problems, due to industrial wastes and greenhouse gases, hence there are efforts to bring down such emissions to reduce pollution and combat global warming. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles are green synthesized using cow dung as fuel, through combustion. Synthesized material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV, and FESEM. The as-prepared ZnO-GS NPs were employed as a transesterification catalyst for the preparation of biodiesel from discarded cooking oil. The biodiesel obtained is termed D-COME (discarded cooking oil methyl ester), which is blended with 20% commercial diesel (B20). Additionally, this blend, i.e., B20, is further blended with varying amounts of as-prepared ZnO-GS NPs, in order to ascertain its effects on the quality of emissions of various greenhouse gases such as hydrocarbons, CO<sub>x</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>. Moreover, the brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were studied for their blends. The blend (B20) with 30 mg of ZnO-GS, i.e., B20-30, displays the best performance and reduced emissions. Comparative studies revealed that the ZnO-GS NPs are as efficient as the ZnO-C NPs, indicating that the green synthetic approach employed does not affect the efficiency of the ZnO NPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:53:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a92d8e30b7b4ab4a583f02f847e576e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:53:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a92d8e30b7b4ab4a583f02f847e576e2023-11-23T08:50:25ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-04-01279284510.3390/molecules27092845Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse GasesKiran Kavalli0Gurumoorthy S. Hebbar1Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha2Syed Farooq Adil3Mujeeb Khan4Mohammad Rafe Hatshan5Adibah Mukhlid Almutairi6Baji Shaik7Department of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical & Automobile Engineering, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mysore Road, Bangalore 560074, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information & Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 446-701, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaPollution and global warming are a few of the many reasons for environmental problems, due to industrial wastes and greenhouse gases, hence there are efforts to bring down such emissions to reduce pollution and combat global warming. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles are green synthesized using cow dung as fuel, through combustion. Synthesized material was characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV, and FESEM. The as-prepared ZnO-GS NPs were employed as a transesterification catalyst for the preparation of biodiesel from discarded cooking oil. The biodiesel obtained is termed D-COME (discarded cooking oil methyl ester), which is blended with 20% commercial diesel (B20). Additionally, this blend, i.e., B20, is further blended with varying amounts of as-prepared ZnO-GS NPs, in order to ascertain its effects on the quality of emissions of various greenhouse gases such as hydrocarbons, CO<sub>x</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>. Moreover, the brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were studied for their blends. The blend (B20) with 30 mg of ZnO-GS, i.e., B20-30, displays the best performance and reduced emissions. Comparative studies revealed that the ZnO-GS NPs are as efficient as the ZnO-C NPs, indicating that the green synthetic approach employed does not affect the efficiency of the ZnO NPs.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/9/2845ZnO nanoparticlesgreen synthesiscow dungbiodieselgreenhouse gases |
| spellingShingle | Kiran Kavalli Gurumoorthy S. Hebbar Jayachamarajapura Pranesh Shubha Syed Farooq Adil Mujeeb Khan Mohammad Rafe Hatshan Adibah Mukhlid Almutairi Baji Shaik Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse Gases Molecules ZnO nanoparticles green synthesis cow dung biodiesel greenhouse gases |
| title | Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse Gases |
| title_full | Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse Gases |
| title_fullStr | Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse Gases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse Gases |
| title_short | Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles as Biodiesel Blends and Their Effect on the Performance and Emission of Greenhouse Gases |
| title_sort | green synthesized zno nanoparticles as biodiesel blends and their effect on the performance and emission of greenhouse gases |
| topic | ZnO nanoparticles green synthesis cow dung biodiesel greenhouse gases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/9/2845 |
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