Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variants
Abstract Objective Schistosomiasis remains a chronic disease of global importance, especially in many rural areas of the world where co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum is common. It is critical to decipher the role of single or co-infected disease scenarios on immune system regulation in such i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Research Notes |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06479-9 |
| _version_ | 1797454023437058048 |
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| author | Mary A. Oboh-Imafidon Sabrina M. Torbit Swathi Jacob Marissa N. Schroeter Ashley R. Tucker Olusola Ojurongbe Bolaji N. Thomas |
| author_facet | Mary A. Oboh-Imafidon Sabrina M. Torbit Swathi Jacob Marissa N. Schroeter Ashley R. Tucker Olusola Ojurongbe Bolaji N. Thomas |
| author_sort | Mary A. Oboh-Imafidon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Schistosomiasis remains a chronic disease of global importance, especially in many rural areas of the world where co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum is common. It is critical to decipher the role of single or co-infected disease scenarios on immune system regulation in such individuals and how such co-infections can either ameliorate or complicate immune response and the consequent disease outcome. First, 10 ml of urine samples, collected between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm, was filtered for diagnosis of schistosomiasis, while egg count, indicative of disease severity, was determined by microscopy. Furthermore, genomic DNA samples extracted from dried blood spots collected on filter paper from one hundred and forty-four Schistosoma haematobium-infected school-children was tested for P. falciparum parasite positivity by an allele-specific nested-PCR analysis of merozoite surface protein (msp)-1 and -2 genes and a real-time PCR assay. In addition, among P. falciparum parasite-positive individuals, we carried out a Taqman SNP genotyping assay to extrapolate the effect of host CD14 (-159 C/T; rs2569190) genetic variants on schistosome egg count. Results Of the 144 individuals recruited, P. falciparum parasite positivity with msp-1 gene were 34%, 43% and 55% for MAD20, RO33 and K1 alleles respectively. Of the co-infected individuals, CD14 genetic variants ranged from 18.8% vs 21.5%, 33.3% vs 44.4%, 9.7% vs 11.8% for single versus schistosome co-infection for the wild type (CC), heterozygous (CT) and mutant (TT) variants respectively. Though the mean egg count for co-infected individuals with CD14 wild type (33.7 eggs per 10 ml of urine) and heterozygote variants (37.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine) were lower than that of schistosome infection alone (52.48 and 48.08 eggs/10 ml of urine respectively), it lacked statistical significance (p-value 0.12 and 0.29), possibly reflecting the benefit of the CD14 activation in schistosome plus malaria co-infection and not schistosome infection alone. In addition, the lower mean egg count in co-infected individuals reveal the benefit of downstream Th1 immune response mitigated by CD14 innate activation that is absent in schistosome infection alone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:31:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7a9dab07c5f54e55b93b1f2ce9a1c615 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-0500 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:31:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Research Notes |
| spelling | doaj.art-7a9dab07c5f54e55b93b1f2ce9a1c6152023-11-26T12:14:43ZengBMCBMC Research Notes1756-05002023-09-011611810.1186/s13104-023-06479-9Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variantsMary A. Oboh-Imafidon0Sabrina M. Torbit1Swathi Jacob2Marissa N. Schroeter3Ashley R. Tucker4Olusola Ojurongbe5Bolaji N. Thomas6Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of TechnologyAbstract Objective Schistosomiasis remains a chronic disease of global importance, especially in many rural areas of the world where co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum is common. It is critical to decipher the role of single or co-infected disease scenarios on immune system regulation in such individuals and how such co-infections can either ameliorate or complicate immune response and the consequent disease outcome. First, 10 ml of urine samples, collected between 10:00 am and 2:00 pm, was filtered for diagnosis of schistosomiasis, while egg count, indicative of disease severity, was determined by microscopy. Furthermore, genomic DNA samples extracted from dried blood spots collected on filter paper from one hundred and forty-four Schistosoma haematobium-infected school-children was tested for P. falciparum parasite positivity by an allele-specific nested-PCR analysis of merozoite surface protein (msp)-1 and -2 genes and a real-time PCR assay. In addition, among P. falciparum parasite-positive individuals, we carried out a Taqman SNP genotyping assay to extrapolate the effect of host CD14 (-159 C/T; rs2569190) genetic variants on schistosome egg count. Results Of the 144 individuals recruited, P. falciparum parasite positivity with msp-1 gene were 34%, 43% and 55% for MAD20, RO33 and K1 alleles respectively. Of the co-infected individuals, CD14 genetic variants ranged from 18.8% vs 21.5%, 33.3% vs 44.4%, 9.7% vs 11.8% for single versus schistosome co-infection for the wild type (CC), heterozygous (CT) and mutant (TT) variants respectively. Though the mean egg count for co-infected individuals with CD14 wild type (33.7 eggs per 10 ml of urine) and heterozygote variants (37.5 eggs per 10 ml of urine) were lower than that of schistosome infection alone (52.48 and 48.08 eggs/10 ml of urine respectively), it lacked statistical significance (p-value 0.12 and 0.29), possibly reflecting the benefit of the CD14 activation in schistosome plus malaria co-infection and not schistosome infection alone. In addition, the lower mean egg count in co-infected individuals reveal the benefit of downstream Th1 immune response mitigated by CD14 innate activation that is absent in schistosome infection alone.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06479-9SchistosomiasisCo-infectionMalariaCD14Innate immunityVariants |
| spellingShingle | Mary A. Oboh-Imafidon Sabrina M. Torbit Swathi Jacob Marissa N. Schroeter Ashley R. Tucker Olusola Ojurongbe Bolaji N. Thomas Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variants BMC Research Notes Schistosomiasis Co-infection Malaria CD14 Innate immunity Variants |
| title | Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variants |
| title_full | Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variants |
| title_fullStr | Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variants |
| title_short | Severity of Schistosoma haematobium co-infection with malaria in school-children is potentially modulated by host CD14 gene variants |
| title_sort | severity of schistosoma haematobium co infection with malaria in school children is potentially modulated by host cd14 gene variants |
| topic | Schistosomiasis Co-infection Malaria CD14 Innate immunity Variants |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06479-9 |
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