Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age
Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support of tissue protein regulation and can be mobilized as energy substrates during times of starvation. However, positive relationships exist between elevated levels of BCAA and insulin resistance (...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3029 |
| _version_ | 1797551942372687872 |
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| author | Mariwan H. Sayda Bethan E. Phillips John P. Williams Paul L. Greenhaff Daniel J. Wilkinson Ken Smith Philip J. Atherton |
| author_facet | Mariwan H. Sayda Bethan E. Phillips John P. Williams Paul L. Greenhaff Daniel J. Wilkinson Ken Smith Philip J. Atherton |
| author_sort | Mariwan H. Sayda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support of tissue protein regulation and can be mobilized as energy substrates during times of starvation. However, positive relationships exist between elevated levels of BCAA and insulin resistance (IR). Thus, we sought to investigate the links between fasting plasma BCAA following a progressive resistance exercise training (RET) programme, an intervention known to improve metabolic health. Fasting plasma BCAA were quantified in adults (young: 18–28 y, <i>n</i> = 8; middle-aged: 45–55 y, <i>n</i> = 9; older: 65–75 y, <i>n</i> = 15; BMI: 23–28 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, both males and females (~50:50), in a cross-sectional, intervention study. Participants underwent 20-weeks whole-body RET. Measurements of body composition, muscle strength (1-RM) and metabolic health biomarkers (e.g., HOMA-IR) were made at baseline and post-RET. BCAA concentrations were determined by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No associations were observed across age with BCAA; however, RET elicited (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increases in plasma BCAA (all age-groups), while HOMA-IR scores reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) following RET. After RET, positive correlations in lean body mass (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and strength gains (<i>p</i> = 0.001) with fasting BCAA levels were observed. Elevated BCAA are not a robust marker of ageing nor IR in those with a healthy BMI; rather, despite decreasing IR, RET was associated with increased BCAA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:51:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7aa10252dff04c1ebf6ea5ab8f464fda |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:51:47Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-7aa10252dff04c1ebf6ea5ab8f464fda2023-11-20T15:57:23ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-10-011210302910.3390/nu12103029Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across AgeMariwan H. Sayda0Bethan E. Phillips1John P. Williams2Paul L. Greenhaff3Daniel J. Wilkinson4Ken Smith5Philip J. Atherton6MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKMRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKMRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKMRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKMRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKMRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKMRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKLeucine, isoleucine and valine (i.e., the branched chain amino acids, BCAA) play a key role in the support of tissue protein regulation and can be mobilized as energy substrates during times of starvation. However, positive relationships exist between elevated levels of BCAA and insulin resistance (IR). Thus, we sought to investigate the links between fasting plasma BCAA following a progressive resistance exercise training (RET) programme, an intervention known to improve metabolic health. Fasting plasma BCAA were quantified in adults (young: 18–28 y, <i>n</i> = 8; middle-aged: 45–55 y, <i>n</i> = 9; older: 65–75 y, <i>n</i> = 15; BMI: 23–28 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, both males and females (~50:50), in a cross-sectional, intervention study. Participants underwent 20-weeks whole-body RET. Measurements of body composition, muscle strength (1-RM) and metabolic health biomarkers (e.g., HOMA-IR) were made at baseline and post-RET. BCAA concentrations were determined by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). No associations were observed across age with BCAA; however, RET elicited (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increases in plasma BCAA (all age-groups), while HOMA-IR scores reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) following RET. After RET, positive correlations in lean body mass (<i>p</i> = 0.007) and strength gains (<i>p</i> = 0.001) with fasting BCAA levels were observed. Elevated BCAA are not a robust marker of ageing nor IR in those with a healthy BMI; rather, despite decreasing IR, RET was associated with increased BCAA.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3029branched chain amino acidshealthresistance exerciseageing |
| spellingShingle | Mariwan H. Sayda Bethan E. Phillips John P. Williams Paul L. Greenhaff Daniel J. Wilkinson Ken Smith Philip J. Atherton Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age Nutrients branched chain amino acids health resistance exercise ageing |
| title | Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age |
| title_full | Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age |
| title_fullStr | Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age |
| title_short | Associations between Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids and Health Biomarkers in Response to Resistance Exercise Training Across Age |
| title_sort | associations between plasma branched chain amino acids and health biomarkers in response to resistance exercise training across age |
| topic | branched chain amino acids health resistance exercise ageing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/10/3029 |
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