Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment
The excessive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has resulted in high N loss, soil degradation, and environmental pollution in a changing climate. Soil biochar amendment is proposed as a climate change mitigation tool that supports carbon sequestration and reduces N...
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PeerJ Inc.
2020-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/10311.pdf |
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| author | Izhar Ali Saif Ullah Liang He Quan Zhao Anas Iqbal Shangqing Wei Tariq Shah Niyaz Ali Yan Bo Muhammad Adnan Amanullah Ligeng Jiang |
| author_facet | Izhar Ali Saif Ullah Liang He Quan Zhao Anas Iqbal Shangqing Wei Tariq Shah Niyaz Ali Yan Bo Muhammad Adnan Amanullah Ligeng Jiang |
| author_sort | Izhar Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The excessive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has resulted in high N loss, soil degradation, and environmental pollution in a changing climate. Soil biochar amendment is proposed as a climate change mitigation tool that supports carbon sequestration and reduces N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. The current study evaluated the impact of four different rates of biochar (B) (C/B0-0 t ha−1, B1-20 t ha−1, B2-40 t ha−1, and B3-60 t ha−1) and two N levels (N1; low (270 kg N ha−1) and N2; high (360 kg N ha−1)), on rice (cultivar Zhenguiai) grown in pots. Significant increases in the average soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) (88%) and carbon (87%) were recorded at the highest rate of 60-ton ha−1B and 360 kg N ha−1 compared to the control (N1C) during both seasons (S1 and S2). The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of the photosystem (PS) II (ΦPS II), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) were enhanced at low rates of biochar applications (20 to 40 t B ha−1) for high and low N rates across the seasons. Nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) activity were, on average, 39%, 55%, and 63% higher in the N1B3, N2B2, and N2B3 treatments, respectively than the N1C. The grain quality was higher in the N1B3 treatment than the N1C, i.e., the protein content (PC), amylose content (AC), percent brown rice (BRP), and percent milled rice (MRP) were, on average, 16%, 28%, 4.6%, and 5% higher, respectively in both seasons. The results of this study indicated that biochar addition to the soil in combination with N fertilizers increased the dry matter (DM) content, N uptake, and grain yield of rice by 24%, 27%, and 64%, respectively, compared to the N1C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:04:29Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7aa1fa98f3bb49148edce4d4bb9a9553 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:04:29Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7aa1fa98f3bb49148edce4d4bb9a95532023-12-03T00:24:54ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592020-11-018e1031110.7717/peerj.10311Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experimentIzhar Ali0Saif Ullah1Liang He2Quan Zhao3Anas Iqbal4Shangqing Wei5Tariq Shah6Niyaz Ali7Yan Bo8Muhammad Adnan9Amanullah10Ligeng Jiang11Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, PakistanState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaDepartment of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, PakistanKey Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, ChinaThe excessive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has resulted in high N loss, soil degradation, and environmental pollution in a changing climate. Soil biochar amendment is proposed as a climate change mitigation tool that supports carbon sequestration and reduces N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. The current study evaluated the impact of four different rates of biochar (B) (C/B0-0 t ha−1, B1-20 t ha−1, B2-40 t ha−1, and B3-60 t ha−1) and two N levels (N1; low (270 kg N ha−1) and N2; high (360 kg N ha−1)), on rice (cultivar Zhenguiai) grown in pots. Significant increases in the average soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) (88%) and carbon (87%) were recorded at the highest rate of 60-ton ha−1B and 360 kg N ha−1 compared to the control (N1C) during both seasons (S1 and S2). The photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of the photosystem (PS) II (ΦPS II), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) were enhanced at low rates of biochar applications (20 to 40 t B ha−1) for high and low N rates across the seasons. Nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) activity were, on average, 39%, 55%, and 63% higher in the N1B3, N2B2, and N2B3 treatments, respectively than the N1C. The grain quality was higher in the N1B3 treatment than the N1C, i.e., the protein content (PC), amylose content (AC), percent brown rice (BRP), and percent milled rice (MRP) were, on average, 16%, 28%, 4.6%, and 5% higher, respectively in both seasons. The results of this study indicated that biochar addition to the soil in combination with N fertilizers increased the dry matter (DM) content, N uptake, and grain yield of rice by 24%, 27%, and 64%, respectively, compared to the N1C.https://peerj.com/articles/10311.pdfBiocharN metabolism activitiesChlorophyll fluorescenceSoil microbial biomassGrain qualitySoil physicochemical properties |
| spellingShingle | Izhar Ali Saif Ullah Liang He Quan Zhao Anas Iqbal Shangqing Wei Tariq Shah Niyaz Ali Yan Bo Muhammad Adnan Amanullah Ligeng Jiang Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment PeerJ Biochar N metabolism activities Chlorophyll fluorescence Soil microbial biomass Grain quality Soil physicochemical properties |
| title | Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment |
| title_full | Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment |
| title_fullStr | Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment |
| title_short | Combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield, microbial activity and N-metabolism in a pot experiment |
| title_sort | combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer improves rice yield microbial activity and n metabolism in a pot experiment |
| topic | Biochar N metabolism activities Chlorophyll fluorescence Soil microbial biomass Grain quality Soil physicochemical properties |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/10311.pdf |
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