RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit Power
We propose a novel cross-layer scheme to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks composed of IEEE 802.15.4 IoT devices with adjustable transmit power. Our approach is based on the IETF’s Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy networks (RPL). Nodes discover neighbors and ke...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2021-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9523554/ |
| _version_ | 1818739922604916736 |
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| author | Rafael Estepa Antonio Estepa German Madinabeitia Ernesto Garcia |
| author_facet | Rafael Estepa Antonio Estepa German Madinabeitia Ernesto Garcia |
| author_sort | Rafael Estepa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We propose a novel cross-layer scheme to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks composed of IEEE 802.15.4 IoT devices with adjustable transmit power. Our approach is based on the IETF’s Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy networks (RPL). Nodes discover neighbors and keep fresh link statistics for each available transmit power level. Using the product of ETX and local transmit power level as a single metric, each node selects both the parent that minimizes the energy for packet transmission along the path to the root and the optimal local transmit power to be used. We have implemented our cross-layer scheme in NG-Contiki using the Z1 mote and two transmit power levels (55mW and 31mW). Simulations of a network of 15 motes show that (on average) 66% of nodes selected the low-power setting in a 25m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times25\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> area. As a result, we obtained an average reduction of 25% of the energy spent on transmission and reception of packets compared to the standard RPL settings where all nodes use the same transmit power level. In large scenarios (e.g., 150m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times150\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 40–100 motes), our approach provides better results in dense networks where reducing the transmit power of nodes does not translate into longer paths to the root nor degraded quality of service. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:32:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7aa2b5d4803e438998b145a6028b3119 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:32:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-7aa2b5d4803e438998b145a6028b31192022-12-21T21:25:33ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362021-01-01912068912070310.1109/ACCESS.2021.31079819523554RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit PowerRafael Estepa0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-1920Antonio Estepa1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-3973German Madinabeitia2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-4620Ernesto Garcia3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9468-149XDepartment of Telematics Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, SpainDepartment of Telematics Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, SpainDepartment of Telematics Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, SpainNTT Ltd., Sevilla, SpainWe propose a novel cross-layer scheme to reduce energy consumption in wireless sensor networks composed of IEEE 802.15.4 IoT devices with adjustable transmit power. Our approach is based on the IETF’s Routing Protocol for Low power and lossy networks (RPL). Nodes discover neighbors and keep fresh link statistics for each available transmit power level. Using the product of ETX and local transmit power level as a single metric, each node selects both the parent that minimizes the energy for packet transmission along the path to the root and the optimal local transmit power to be used. We have implemented our cross-layer scheme in NG-Contiki using the Z1 mote and two transmit power levels (55mW and 31mW). Simulations of a network of 15 motes show that (on average) 66% of nodes selected the low-power setting in a 25m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times25\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> area. As a result, we obtained an average reduction of 25% of the energy spent on transmission and reception of packets compared to the standard RPL settings where all nodes use the same transmit power level. In large scenarios (e.g., 150m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times150\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and 40–100 motes), our approach provides better results in dense networks where reducing the transmit power of nodes does not translate into longer paths to the root nor degraded quality of service.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9523554/RPLIEEE 802.15.4energy efficiencyIoTContikiWSN |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Estepa Antonio Estepa German Madinabeitia Ernesto Garcia RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit Power IEEE Access RPL IEEE 802.15.4 energy efficiency IoT Contiki WSN |
| title | RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit Power |
| title_full | RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit Power |
| title_fullStr | RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit Power |
| title_full_unstemmed | RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit Power |
| title_short | RPL Cross-Layer Scheme for IEEE 802.15.4 IoT Devices With Adjustable Transmit Power |
| title_sort | rpl cross layer scheme for ieee 802 15 4 iot devices with adjustable transmit power |
| topic | RPL IEEE 802.15.4 energy efficiency IoT Contiki WSN |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9523554/ |
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