Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants
Genomic analysis of Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) has revealed two short open reading frames (ORFs) on LIYV RNA2, that are predicted to encode a 5-kDa (P5) and a 9-kDa (P9) protein. The P5 ORF is part of the conserved quintuple gene block in the family Closteroviridae, while P9 orthologs a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/9/459 |
| _version_ | 1830228819086147584 |
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| author | Wenjie Qiao Erin L. Helpio Bryce W. Falk |
| author_facet | Wenjie Qiao Erin L. Helpio Bryce W. Falk |
| author_sort | Wenjie Qiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Genomic analysis of Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) has revealed two short open reading frames (ORFs) on LIYV RNA2, that are predicted to encode a 5-kDa (P5) and a 9-kDa (P9) protein. The P5 ORF is part of the conserved quintuple gene block in the family Closteroviridae, while P9 orthologs are found in all Criniviruses. In this study, the expression of LIYV P5 and P9 proteins was confirmed; P5 is further characterized as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized integral transmembrane protein and P9 is a soluble protein. The knockout LIYV mutants presented reduced symptom severity and virus accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana or lettuce plants, indicating their importance in efficient virus infection. The P5 mutant was successfully complemented by a dislocated P5 in the LIYV genome. The structural regions of P5 were tested and all were found to be required for the appropriate functions of P5. In addition, P5, as well as its ortholog P6, encoded by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and another ER-localized protein encoded by LIYV RNA1, were found to cause cell death when expressed in N. benthamiana plants from a TMV vector, and induce ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7aa63993f6bf49009fbfb69028c1224e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:21:05Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-7aa63993f6bf49009fbfb69028c1224e2022-12-21T21:11:08ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152018-08-0110945910.3390/v10090459v10090459Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in PlantsWenjie Qiao0Erin L. Helpio1Bryce W. Falk2Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAGenomic analysis of Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) has revealed two short open reading frames (ORFs) on LIYV RNA2, that are predicted to encode a 5-kDa (P5) and a 9-kDa (P9) protein. The P5 ORF is part of the conserved quintuple gene block in the family Closteroviridae, while P9 orthologs are found in all Criniviruses. In this study, the expression of LIYV P5 and P9 proteins was confirmed; P5 is further characterized as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized integral transmembrane protein and P9 is a soluble protein. The knockout LIYV mutants presented reduced symptom severity and virus accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana or lettuce plants, indicating their importance in efficient virus infection. The P5 mutant was successfully complemented by a dislocated P5 in the LIYV genome. The structural regions of P5 were tested and all were found to be required for the appropriate functions of P5. In addition, P5, as well as its ortholog P6, encoded by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and another ER-localized protein encoded by LIYV RNA1, were found to cause cell death when expressed in N. benthamiana plants from a TMV vector, and induce ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR).http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/9/459Lettuce infectious yellows virusP5P9small ORFsvirus infectivityER stress |
| spellingShingle | Wenjie Qiao Erin L. Helpio Bryce W. Falk Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants Viruses Lettuce infectious yellows virus P5 P9 small ORFs virus infectivity ER stress |
| title | Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants |
| title_full | Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants |
| title_short | Two Crinivirus-Conserved Small Proteins, P5 and P9, Are Indispensable for Efficient Lettuce infectious yellows virus Infectivity in Plants |
| title_sort | two crinivirus conserved small proteins p5 and p9 are indispensable for efficient lettuce infectious yellows virus infectivity in plants |
| topic | Lettuce infectious yellows virus P5 P9 small ORFs virus infectivity ER stress |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/10/9/459 |
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