Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application
Three different metal oxides (basic MgO, basic-acidic Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and acidic-basic Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) characterized by comparable surface areas (MgO—130 m<sup>2</sup>/g; Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4689 |
| _version_ | 1797551070489083904 |
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| author | Katarzyna Stawicka Maria Ziolek |
| author_facet | Katarzyna Stawicka Maria Ziolek |
| author_sort | Katarzyna Stawicka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three different metal oxides (basic MgO, basic-acidic Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and acidic-basic Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) characterized by comparable surface areas (MgO—130 m<sup>2</sup>/g; Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>—172 m<sup>2</sup>/g and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>—123 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and pore systems (domination of mesopores with narrow pore size distribution) were modified with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) via two methods: (i) direct anchoring of amine on metal oxide and (ii) anchoring of amine on metal oxide functionalized with (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane. The obtained hybrid materials were characterized in terms of effectiveness of modifier anchoring (elemental analysis), their structural/textural properties (nitrogen adsorption/desorption, XRD), acidity/basicity of support (2-propanol dehydration and dehydrogenation, dehydration and cyclization of 2,5-hexanedione), states of modifier deposited on supports (XPS, FTIR, UV–VIS) and the strength of interaction between the modifier and the support (TG/DTG). It was evidenced that acidic-basic properties of metal oxides as well as the procedure of modification with TAEA determined the ways of amine anchoring and the strength of its interaction with the support. The obtained hybrid materials were tested in Knoevenagel condensation between furfural and malononitrile. The catalysts based on MgO showed superior activity in this reaction. It was correlated with the way of TAEA anchoring on basic MgO and the strength of modifier anchoring on the support. To the best of our knowledge tris(2-aminoethyl)amine has not been used as a modifier of solid supports for enhancement of the catalyst activity in Knoevenagel condensation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:39:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7aa6865b835a49eb9522e1518a974a3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:39:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-7aa6865b835a49eb9522e1518a974a3a2023-11-20T16:59:38ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-10-012520468910.3390/molecules25204689Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic ApplicationKatarzyna Stawicka0Maria Ziolek1Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, PolandThree different metal oxides (basic MgO, basic-acidic Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and acidic-basic Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) characterized by comparable surface areas (MgO—130 m<sup>2</sup>/g; Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>—172 m<sup>2</sup>/g and Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>—123 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and pore systems (domination of mesopores with narrow pore size distribution) were modified with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) via two methods: (i) direct anchoring of amine on metal oxide and (ii) anchoring of amine on metal oxide functionalized with (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane. The obtained hybrid materials were characterized in terms of effectiveness of modifier anchoring (elemental analysis), their structural/textural properties (nitrogen adsorption/desorption, XRD), acidity/basicity of support (2-propanol dehydration and dehydrogenation, dehydration and cyclization of 2,5-hexanedione), states of modifier deposited on supports (XPS, FTIR, UV–VIS) and the strength of interaction between the modifier and the support (TG/DTG). It was evidenced that acidic-basic properties of metal oxides as well as the procedure of modification with TAEA determined the ways of amine anchoring and the strength of its interaction with the support. The obtained hybrid materials were tested in Knoevenagel condensation between furfural and malononitrile. The catalysts based on MgO showed superior activity in this reaction. It was correlated with the way of TAEA anchoring on basic MgO and the strength of modifier anchoring on the support. To the best of our knowledge tris(2-aminoethyl)amine has not been used as a modifier of solid supports for enhancement of the catalyst activity in Knoevenagel condensation.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4689basicityaciditymesoporous oxidesTAEAKnoevenagel condensation |
| spellingShingle | Katarzyna Stawicka Maria Ziolek Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application Molecules basicity acidity mesoporous oxides TAEA Knoevenagel condensation |
| title | Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application |
| title_full | Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application |
| title_fullStr | Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application |
| title_short | Tris(2-Aminoethyl)Amine/Metal Oxides Hybrid Materials—Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application |
| title_sort | tris 2 aminoethyl amine metal oxides hybrid materials preparation characterization and catalytic application |
| topic | basicity acidity mesoporous oxides TAEA Knoevenagel condensation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/20/4689 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katarzynastawicka tris2aminoethylaminemetaloxideshybridmaterialspreparationcharacterizationandcatalyticapplication AT mariaziolek tris2aminoethylaminemetaloxideshybridmaterialspreparationcharacterizationandcatalyticapplication |