Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions
Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising technology suitable for nutrient recovery from a wide variety of liquid waste streams. For optimal operating conditions, the limiting current density (LCD) has to be determined separately for each treated feed and ED equipment. LCD is most frequently assessed in t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/2/241 |
| _version_ | 1797478130733023232 |
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| author | Katarina Knežević Daniela Reif Michael Harasek Jörg Krampe Norbert Kreuzinger |
| author_facet | Katarina Knežević Daniela Reif Michael Harasek Jörg Krampe Norbert Kreuzinger |
| author_sort | Katarina Knežević |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising technology suitable for nutrient recovery from a wide variety of liquid waste streams. For optimal operating conditions, the limiting current density (LCD) has to be determined separately for each treated feed and ED equipment. LCD is most frequently assessed in the NaCl solutions. In this paper, five graphical methods available in literature were reviewed for LCD determination in a series of five feed solutions with different levels of complexity in ion and matrix composition. Wastewater from microbial fermentation was included among the feed solutions, containing charged and uncharged particles. The experiments, running in the batch ED with an online conductivity, temperature, and pH monitoring, were conducted to obtain data for the comparison of various LCD determination methods. The results revealed complements and divergences between the applied LCD methods with increasing feed concentrations and composition complexity. The Cowan and Brown method had the most consistent results for all of the feed solutions. Online conductivity monitoring was linearly correlated with the decreasing ion concentration in the feed solution and corresponding LCD. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can be applied as a base for the automatized dynamic control of the operating current density–voltage in the batch ED. Conductivity alone should not be used for the ED control since LCD depends on the ion exchange membranes, feed flow, temperature and concentration, ionic species, their concentration ratios, and uncharged particles of the feed solution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:27:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7aa948922b0b444793524cc2d5cde472 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:27:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-7aa948922b0b444793524cc2d5cde4722023-11-23T21:04:07ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-02-0112224110.3390/membranes12020241Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed SolutionsKatarina Knežević0Daniela Reif1Michael Harasek2Jörg Krampe3Norbert Kreuzinger4Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, AustriaInstitute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, AustriaElectrodialysis (ED) is a promising technology suitable for nutrient recovery from a wide variety of liquid waste streams. For optimal operating conditions, the limiting current density (LCD) has to be determined separately for each treated feed and ED equipment. LCD is most frequently assessed in the NaCl solutions. In this paper, five graphical methods available in literature were reviewed for LCD determination in a series of five feed solutions with different levels of complexity in ion and matrix composition. Wastewater from microbial fermentation was included among the feed solutions, containing charged and uncharged particles. The experiments, running in the batch ED with an online conductivity, temperature, and pH monitoring, were conducted to obtain data for the comparison of various LCD determination methods. The results revealed complements and divergences between the applied LCD methods with increasing feed concentrations and composition complexity. The Cowan and Brown method had the most consistent results for all of the feed solutions. Online conductivity monitoring was linearly correlated with the decreasing ion concentration in the feed solution and corresponding LCD. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can be applied as a base for the automatized dynamic control of the operating current density–voltage in the batch ED. Conductivity alone should not be used for the ED control since LCD depends on the ion exchange membranes, feed flow, temperature and concentration, ionic species, their concentration ratios, and uncharged particles of the feed solution.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/2/241electrodialysislimiting current densitywastewater treatmentnutrient recovery |
| spellingShingle | Katarina Knežević Daniela Reif Michael Harasek Jörg Krampe Norbert Kreuzinger Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions Membranes electrodialysis limiting current density wastewater treatment nutrient recovery |
| title | Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions |
| title_full | Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions |
| title_short | Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions |
| title_sort | assessment of graphical methods for determination of the limiting current density in complex electrodialysis feed solutions |
| topic | electrodialysis limiting current density wastewater treatment nutrient recovery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/2/241 |
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