| Summary: | Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are chronic and disabling diseases that share common inflammatory and immunological dysregulation. The association between IMIDs and the risk of cancer remains debatable. Inflammation is a double-edged sword for cancer as it can help destroy malignant cells but it can also promote the development of some cancers. The following review aims to provide a summary of the associations of neoplasms and the most common IMIDs and the possible relationship of the indirect risk caused by their chronic therapy. The risk of developing neoplasm is higher globally in patients with IMID, with different risk profiles and tumor types depending on the inflammatory pathology. Overall, lymphoproliferative disorders are the most common cancer in IMID patients. Nowadays, data available on the safety of the drugs used in IMID patients showed no increased risk of neoplasms in general, although more studies are needed.
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