Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae
Magnaporthe oryzae infects rice, wheat, and many grass species in the Poaceae family by secreting protein effectors. Here, we analyzed the distribution, sequence variation, and genomic context of effector candidate (EFC) genes in 31 isolates that represent five pathotypes of M. oryzae, three isolate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02575/full |
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| author | Ki-Tae Kim Jaeho Ko Hyeunjeong Song Gobong Choi Hyunbin Kim Jongbum Jeon Kyeongchae Cheong Seogchan Kang Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee |
| author_facet | Ki-Tae Kim Jaeho Ko Hyeunjeong Song Gobong Choi Hyunbin Kim Jongbum Jeon Kyeongchae Cheong Seogchan Kang Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee |
| author_sort | Ki-Tae Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnaporthe oryzae infects rice, wheat, and many grass species in the Poaceae family by secreting protein effectors. Here, we analyzed the distribution, sequence variation, and genomic context of effector candidate (EFC) genes in 31 isolates that represent five pathotypes of M. oryzae, three isolates of M. grisea, a sister species of M. oryzae, and one strain each for eight species in the family Magnaporthaceae to investigate how the host range expansion of M. oryzae has likely affected the evolution of effectors. We used the EFC genes of M. oryzae strain 70-15, whose genome has served as a reference for many comparative genomics analyses, to identify their homologs in these strains. We also analyzed the previously characterized avirulence (AVR) genes and single-copy orthologous (SCO) genes in these strains, which showed that the EFC and AVR genes evolved faster than the SCO genes. The EFC and AVR repertoires among M. oryzae pathotypes varied widely probably because adaptation to individual hosts exerted different types of selection pressure. Repetitive DNA elements appeared to have caused the variation of some EFC genes. Lastly, we analyzed expression patterns of the AVR and EFC genes to test the hypothesis that such genes are preferentially expressed during host infection. This comprehensive dataset serves as a foundation for future studies on the genetic basis of the evolution and host specialization in M. oryzae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:02:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7abfc73d9f9b4138937225671ad61bba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:02:30Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7abfc73d9f9b4138937225671ad61bba2022-12-21T17:59:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-11-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.02575491941Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzaeKi-Tae Kim0Jaeho Ko1Hyeunjeong Song2Gobong Choi3Hyunbin Kim4Jongbum Jeon5Kyeongchae Cheong6Seogchan Kang7Yong-Hwan Lee8Yong-Hwan Lee9Yong-Hwan Lee10Yong-Hwan Lee11Yong-Hwan Lee12Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United StatesDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaInterdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaCenter for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaPlant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaMagnaporthe oryzae infects rice, wheat, and many grass species in the Poaceae family by secreting protein effectors. Here, we analyzed the distribution, sequence variation, and genomic context of effector candidate (EFC) genes in 31 isolates that represent five pathotypes of M. oryzae, three isolates of M. grisea, a sister species of M. oryzae, and one strain each for eight species in the family Magnaporthaceae to investigate how the host range expansion of M. oryzae has likely affected the evolution of effectors. We used the EFC genes of M. oryzae strain 70-15, whose genome has served as a reference for many comparative genomics analyses, to identify their homologs in these strains. We also analyzed the previously characterized avirulence (AVR) genes and single-copy orthologous (SCO) genes in these strains, which showed that the EFC and AVR genes evolved faster than the SCO genes. The EFC and AVR repertoires among M. oryzae pathotypes varied widely probably because adaptation to individual hosts exerted different types of selection pressure. Repetitive DNA elements appeared to have caused the variation of some EFC genes. Lastly, we analyzed expression patterns of the AVR and EFC genes to test the hypothesis that such genes are preferentially expressed during host infection. This comprehensive dataset serves as a foundation for future studies on the genetic basis of the evolution and host specialization in M. oryzae.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02575/fullavirulencecomparative genomicseffectorhost specializationM. griseaM. oryzae |
| spellingShingle | Ki-Tae Kim Jaeho Ko Hyeunjeong Song Gobong Choi Hyunbin Kim Jongbum Jeon Kyeongchae Cheong Seogchan Kang Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Yong-Hwan Lee Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae Frontiers in Microbiology avirulence comparative genomics effector host specialization M. grisea M. oryzae |
| title | Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae |
| title_full | Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae |
| title_short | Evolution of the Genes Encoding Effector Candidates Within Multiple Pathotypes of Magnaporthe oryzae |
| title_sort | evolution of the genes encoding effector candidates within multiple pathotypes of magnaporthe oryzae |
| topic | avirulence comparative genomics effector host specialization M. grisea M. oryzae |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02575/full |
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