High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria
Abstract Background Recurrent malaria infection is a major phenomenon in a hightransmission zone with deplorable health and socioeconomic consequences on individuals and the public. However, the association between parasitaemia, repeated episodes of the infection, and its socioeconomic impact is les...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Bulletin of the National Research Centre |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00846-5 |
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| author | Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale Adam Olaitan Abdulkareem Oyewole Jamiu Yinka Kolawole Folasade Babawale Oluwapelumi Olatundun Onitayo Faith Ayodipo Mohammad Mosleh Uddin Uade Samuel Ugbomoiko |
| author_facet | Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale Adam Olaitan Abdulkareem Oyewole Jamiu Yinka Kolawole Folasade Babawale Oluwapelumi Olatundun Onitayo Faith Ayodipo Mohammad Mosleh Uddin Uade Samuel Ugbomoiko |
| author_sort | Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Recurrent malaria infection is a major phenomenon in a hightransmission zone with deplorable health and socioeconomic consequences on individuals and the public. However, the association between parasitaemia, repeated episodes of the infection, and its socioeconomic impact is less studied. Therefore, this study aimed at bridging this research gap by conducting an epidemiological survey in selected malaria-endemic settings of Kwara state, Nigeria. Results High prevalence and intensity of infection were observed, 56.6% of 572 study participants were infected with average parasitaemia of 3022.25 ± 1001.51 per µl of blood and the majority of heavy infection was due to Plasmodium falciparum. The heavily asymptomatic infected participants were among the younger age group particularly ≤ 20 years, and infection decreases with increasing age. Parasitaemia and the number of episodes of malaria attacks were positively correlated (R 2 = 0.2388, p < 0.0001). Highrecurrent malaria was associated with male (p = 0.001), younger age (p = 0.0012), low-income status (p = 0.0004), bush around habitation (0.0014), and unavoidability of preventive strategies and treatment (p < 0.0001) of malaria. Our study further revealed socioeconomic factors as cause and/or consequence of recurrent malaria infection. Low income individuals (aOR 1.948 95%CI 0.945–2.512) and illiterates (aOR 1.920 95%CI 1.470–2.149), those living close to bush (aOR 2.501 95%CI 2.033–3.714) and dumpsite (aOR 2.718 95%CI 1.661–3.118) are at least twice likely to have recurrent infection. The socioeconomic consequence of recurrent malaria episodes includes reduced economic activities, personal savings, and change of lifestyle in adults, while infected children suffered declined academic performance and sports activities. Conclusions This study underscores high malaria intensity as a prevalent health problem in our study location and demonstrates a positive correlation between malaria episodes and parasitaemia which can be explored in the clinic for the screening of suitable antimalarial drugs that cure beyond a single infection. Our finding also advocates for mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets, provision of socio-infrastructural amenities such as medical centers, good drainage system and highly subsidized malaria treatment in endemic endemic rural communities |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:15:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ac7faa22c2b4ec38f3216b8322a72ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2522-8307 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T14:15:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the National Research Centre |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ac7faa22c2b4ec38f3216b8322a72ae2022-12-22T02:43:40ZengSpringerOpenBulletin of the National Research Centre2522-83072022-05-0146111110.1186/s42269-022-00846-5High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of NigeriaAbdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale0Adam Olaitan Abdulkareem1Oyewole Jamiu Yinka2Kolawole Folasade3Babawale Oluwapelumi Olatundun4Onitayo Faith Ayodipo5Mohammad Mosleh Uddin6Uade Samuel Ugbomoiko7Department of Zoology, University of IlorinDepartment of Zoology, University of IlorinDepartment of Zoology, University of IlorinDepartment of Zoology, University of IlorinDepartment of Zoology, University of IlorinDepartment of Basic Sciences, Babcock UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University (MBSTU)Department of Zoology, University of IlorinAbstract Background Recurrent malaria infection is a major phenomenon in a hightransmission zone with deplorable health and socioeconomic consequences on individuals and the public. However, the association between parasitaemia, repeated episodes of the infection, and its socioeconomic impact is less studied. Therefore, this study aimed at bridging this research gap by conducting an epidemiological survey in selected malaria-endemic settings of Kwara state, Nigeria. Results High prevalence and intensity of infection were observed, 56.6% of 572 study participants were infected with average parasitaemia of 3022.25 ± 1001.51 per µl of blood and the majority of heavy infection was due to Plasmodium falciparum. The heavily asymptomatic infected participants were among the younger age group particularly ≤ 20 years, and infection decreases with increasing age. Parasitaemia and the number of episodes of malaria attacks were positively correlated (R 2 = 0.2388, p < 0.0001). Highrecurrent malaria was associated with male (p = 0.001), younger age (p = 0.0012), low-income status (p = 0.0004), bush around habitation (0.0014), and unavoidability of preventive strategies and treatment (p < 0.0001) of malaria. Our study further revealed socioeconomic factors as cause and/or consequence of recurrent malaria infection. Low income individuals (aOR 1.948 95%CI 0.945–2.512) and illiterates (aOR 1.920 95%CI 1.470–2.149), those living close to bush (aOR 2.501 95%CI 2.033–3.714) and dumpsite (aOR 2.718 95%CI 1.661–3.118) are at least twice likely to have recurrent infection. The socioeconomic consequence of recurrent malaria episodes includes reduced economic activities, personal savings, and change of lifestyle in adults, while infected children suffered declined academic performance and sports activities. Conclusions This study underscores high malaria intensity as a prevalent health problem in our study location and demonstrates a positive correlation between malaria episodes and parasitaemia which can be explored in the clinic for the screening of suitable antimalarial drugs that cure beyond a single infection. Our finding also advocates for mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets, provision of socio-infrastructural amenities such as medical centers, good drainage system and highly subsidized malaria treatment in endemic endemic rural communitieshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00846-5Recurrent malariaMalaria episodesParasitaemiaKwara stateLifestyle |
| spellingShingle | Abdulkareem Olarewaju Babamale Adam Olaitan Abdulkareem Oyewole Jamiu Yinka Kolawole Folasade Babawale Oluwapelumi Olatundun Onitayo Faith Ayodipo Mohammad Mosleh Uddin Uade Samuel Ugbomoiko High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria Bulletin of the National Research Centre Recurrent malaria Malaria episodes Parasitaemia Kwara state Lifestyle |
| title | High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria |
| title_full | High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria |
| title_short | High parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high-transmission zone of Nigeria |
| title_sort | high parasitaemia correlates with malaria episodes and the socioeconomic impact of recurrent malaria infection in high transmission zone of nigeria |
| topic | Recurrent malaria Malaria episodes Parasitaemia Kwara state Lifestyle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00846-5 |
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