Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared Spectroscopy
High-performance greases typically consist of a base oil and polyurea as a thickener material. To date, few alternatives to polyureas have been investigated. Polyesters could be one such alternative; however, little is known about the gelation of such polyesters because, unlike polyureas, they canno...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/9/696 |
| _version_ | 1797579956946993152 |
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| author | Max Jopen Michael Paulus Christian Sternemann Patrick Degen Ralf Weberskirch |
| author_facet | Max Jopen Michael Paulus Christian Sternemann Patrick Degen Ralf Weberskirch |
| author_sort | Max Jopen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-performance greases typically consist of a base oil and polyurea as a thickener material. To date, few alternatives to polyureas have been investigated. Polyesters could be one such alternative; however, little is known about the gelation of such polyesters because, unlike polyureas, they cannot form hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains. Here, we present studies on the gel formation of a polyester based thickener poly(hexane dodecanoate) with 1-octanol endgroups in three different base oils, i.e., a mineral oil (Brightstock 150), a synthetic Polyalphaolefin (Spectrasyn 40) and castor oil (85 to 90 wt.% ricinoleic acid triglyceride). Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicate a strong interaction of the polyester with castor oil and an increase in the crystalline fraction, with an increasing polymer amount from 5 to 40 wt.%. Moreover, infrared analysis of the polyester in castor oil showed gel formation at a minimum concentration of 20 wt.%. The strong interaction of the polyester with castor oil compared to the other two base oils led to an increase in the yield point γ<sub>F</sub> as a measure of the mechanical stability of the gel, which was determined to be 5.9% compared to 0.8% and 1.0% in Brightstock and Spectrasyn, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:44:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7acfb9ac892a4b649545f69b9c7b9f91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:44:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-7acfb9ac892a4b649545f69b9c7b9f912023-11-19T10:50:32ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-08-019969610.3390/gels9090696Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared SpectroscopyMax Jopen0Michael Paulus1Christian Sternemann2Patrick Degen3Ralf Weberskirch4Carl Bechem GmbH, Weststraße 120, 58089 Hagen, GermanyFakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, GermanyFakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, GermanyCarl Bechem GmbH, Weststraße 120, 58089 Hagen, GermanyFakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, GermanyHigh-performance greases typically consist of a base oil and polyurea as a thickener material. To date, few alternatives to polyureas have been investigated. Polyesters could be one such alternative; however, little is known about the gelation of such polyesters because, unlike polyureas, they cannot form hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains. Here, we present studies on the gel formation of a polyester based thickener poly(hexane dodecanoate) with 1-octanol endgroups in three different base oils, i.e., a mineral oil (Brightstock 150), a synthetic Polyalphaolefin (Spectrasyn 40) and castor oil (85 to 90 wt.% ricinoleic acid triglyceride). Small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicate a strong interaction of the polyester with castor oil and an increase in the crystalline fraction, with an increasing polymer amount from 5 to 40 wt.%. Moreover, infrared analysis of the polyester in castor oil showed gel formation at a minimum concentration of 20 wt.%. The strong interaction of the polyester with castor oil compared to the other two base oils led to an increase in the yield point γ<sub>F</sub> as a measure of the mechanical stability of the gel, which was determined to be 5.9% compared to 0.8% and 1.0% in Brightstock and Spectrasyn, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/9/696lubricantspolyesterthickenerorganogelsmall- and wide-angle X-ray scatteringrheology |
| spellingShingle | Max Jopen Michael Paulus Christian Sternemann Patrick Degen Ralf Weberskirch Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared Spectroscopy Gels lubricants polyester thickener organogel small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering rheology |
| title | Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Comparative Studies on the Organogel Formation of a Polyester in Three Different Base Oils by X-ray Analysis, Rheology and Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | comparative studies on the organogel formation of a polyester in three different base oils by x ray analysis rheology and infrared spectroscopy |
| topic | lubricants polyester thickener organogel small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering rheology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/9/696 |
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