Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
While there are many studies on pareidolia in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia, to our knowledge, there are no prior studies on pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder. Accordingly, in this study, we, for the first time, measured pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.746734/full |
| _version_ | 1818701794794012672 |
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| author | Eid G. Abo Hamza Eid G. Abo Hamza Szabolcs Kéri Szabolcs Kéri Szabolcs Kéri Katalin Csigó Dalia Bedewy Dalia Bedewy Ahmed A. Moustafa Ahmed A. Moustafa |
| author_facet | Eid G. Abo Hamza Eid G. Abo Hamza Szabolcs Kéri Szabolcs Kéri Szabolcs Kéri Katalin Csigó Dalia Bedewy Dalia Bedewy Ahmed A. Moustafa Ahmed A. Moustafa |
| author_sort | Eid G. Abo Hamza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While there are many studies on pareidolia in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia, to our knowledge, there are no prior studies on pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder. Accordingly, in this study, we, for the first time, measured pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder (N = 50), and compared that to patients with schizophrenia (N = 50) and healthy controls (N = 50). We have used (a) the scene test, which consists of 10 blurred images of natural scenes that was previously found to produce illusory face responses and (b) the noise test which had 32 black and white images consisting of visual noise and 8 images depicting human faces; participants indicated whether a face was present on these images and to point to the location where they saw the face. Illusory responses were defined as answers when observers falsely identified objects that were not on the images in the scene task (maximum illusory score: 10), and the number of noise images in which they reported the presence of a face (maximum illusory score: 32). Further, we also calculated the total pareidolia score for each task (the sum number of images with illusory responses in the scene and noise tests). The responses were scored by two independent raters with an excellent congruence (kappa > 0.9). Our results show that schizophrenia patients scored higher on pareidolia measures than both healthy controls and patients with bipolar disorder. Our findings are agreement with prior findings on more impaired cognitive processes in schizophrenia than in bipolar patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:26:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7aea5db8f8704c37afca9a612b2366cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T15:26:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-7aea5db8f8704c37afca9a612b2366cb2022-12-21T21:43:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402021-12-011210.3389/fpsyt.2021.746734746734Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar DisorderEid G. Abo Hamza0Eid G. Abo Hamza1Szabolcs Kéri2Szabolcs Kéri3Szabolcs Kéri4Katalin Csigó5Dalia Bedewy6Dalia Bedewy7Ahmed A. Moustafa8Ahmed A. Moustafa9Psychology Department, College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Education, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptNational Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungaryNational Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, HungaryPsychology Department, College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab EmiratesCollege of Education, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptDepartment of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South AfricaSchool of Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaWhile there are many studies on pareidolia in healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia, to our knowledge, there are no prior studies on pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder. Accordingly, in this study, we, for the first time, measured pareidolia in patients with bipolar disorder (N = 50), and compared that to patients with schizophrenia (N = 50) and healthy controls (N = 50). We have used (a) the scene test, which consists of 10 blurred images of natural scenes that was previously found to produce illusory face responses and (b) the noise test which had 32 black and white images consisting of visual noise and 8 images depicting human faces; participants indicated whether a face was present on these images and to point to the location where they saw the face. Illusory responses were defined as answers when observers falsely identified objects that were not on the images in the scene task (maximum illusory score: 10), and the number of noise images in which they reported the presence of a face (maximum illusory score: 32). Further, we also calculated the total pareidolia score for each task (the sum number of images with illusory responses in the scene and noise tests). The responses were scored by two independent raters with an excellent congruence (kappa > 0.9). Our results show that schizophrenia patients scored higher on pareidolia measures than both healthy controls and patients with bipolar disorder. Our findings are agreement with prior findings on more impaired cognitive processes in schizophrenia than in bipolar patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.746734/fullpsychosisvisual illusionpareidoliabipolar disorderschizophrenia |
| spellingShingle | Eid G. Abo Hamza Eid G. Abo Hamza Szabolcs Kéri Szabolcs Kéri Szabolcs Kéri Katalin Csigó Dalia Bedewy Dalia Bedewy Ahmed A. Moustafa Ahmed A. Moustafa Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Frontiers in Psychiatry psychosis visual illusion pareidolia bipolar disorder schizophrenia |
| title | Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder |
| title_full | Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder |
| title_fullStr | Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder |
| title_short | Pareidolia in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder |
| title_sort | pareidolia in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder |
| topic | psychosis visual illusion pareidolia bipolar disorder schizophrenia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.746734/full |
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